exam 2 UNIT 5

Question 1

how many cervical pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 1

8 PAIRS

Question 2

how many lumbar spinal nerve pairs?

Answer 2

5 pairs

Question 3

how many thoracic spinal nerve pairs?

Answer 3

12 Pairs

Question 4

how many spinal nerves?

Answer 4

62

31 pairs

Question 5

how many sacral nerve pairs?

Answer 5

5 pairs

Question 6

how many coccygeal nerve pairs?

Answer 6

1 pair

Question 7

what are the characteristics of the anterior root?

Answer 7

• carry efferent axons from cell bodies in the anterior or lateral horns
• attached to spinal cord by a series of rootlets

Question 8

what are the characteristics of the posterior root?

Answer 8

• carry axons from cell bodies in posterior root (dorsal root gaglion)
• root separates into a number of rootlets that attach to cord at posterolateral sulcus
• spinal ganglia

Question 9

where are spinal ganglia typically located?

Answer 9

either inside or just medial to the intervertebral foramen, beyond the dura mater

Question 10

what are the three spinal ganglia location exceptions?

Answer 10

• C1 and C2 ganglia located on their respective vertebral arches
• sacral ganglia located within the vertebral canal
• coccygeal located inside dura mater

Question 11

shortly after the anterior and posterior roots combine into a mixed nerve, what is given off?

Answer 11

a meningeal (recurrent meningeal, sinuvertebral) branch

Question 12

after a meningeal (recurrent meningeal, sinuvertebral) branch re-enters the vertebral canal through the IVF, what does it do?

Answer 12

divides into ascending, descending, and transverse branches

Question 13

a meningeal branch also provides somatosensory and sympathetic supply to what?

Answer 13

dura, blood vessels, periosteum, ligaments and intervertebral disc, in the anteior and lateral portions of the canal

Question 14

at what levels are meningeal branches present and how do they re-enter the vertebral canal?

Answer 14

present at all cord levels and re-enters through the IVF after branching off of a mixed nerve

Question 15

the mixed spinal nerve divides into what two rami?

Answer 15

posterior primary rami

anterior primary rami

Question 16

what are the characteristics of the posterior primay ramus?

Answer 16

• splits into lateral and medial branches
• smaller than anterior ramus
• motor innervation to the deep back muscles
• sensory innervation to the skin on either side of the spine

Question 17

the posterior ramus splits into lateral and medial branches except for what cord level exception?

Answer 17

C1 does not split

Question 18

the posterior ramus is smaller than anterior ramus except for what exceptions?

Answer 18

C1
S4
S5

Question 19

what are the characteristics of the anterior primary ramus?

Answer 19

• motor innervation to anterior and lateral trunk muscles
• motor innervation to skeletal muscle in the xtremities
• sensory innervation to the skin on either side of the spine

Question 20

which ramus division contributes to the great plexuses?

Answer 20

the anterior rami

Question 21

which ramus division is motor innervation to the deep back muscles?

Answer 21

posterior rami. only muscles it innervates

Question 22

where is the sympathetic chain located?

Answer 22

either at or just medial to the bifurcation of the mixed spinal nerve

Question 23

which division of the sympathetic chain carries myelinated axons?

Answer 23

white ramus communicans

Question 24

white rami communicans are associated with what cord level nerves?

Answer 24

T1-L2

Question 25

white ramus communicans carries myelinated axons from cell bodies located where?

Answer 25

located in the lateral horn cells at cord levels T1-L2

Question 26

preganglionic sympathetic fibers associated with white ramus enter the sympathetic chain and do what two things?

Answer 26

synapse at their entrance level | pass through to splanchnic nerve

Question 27

which division of the sympathetic chain carries unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons?

Answer 27

gray rami communicans

Question 28

which division of the sympathetic chain is associated with all cord levels?

Answer 28

gray rami communicans

Question 29

what type of axons are carried by the gray rami communicans, connecting the cell bodies of the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve?

Answer 29

unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons from the cell bodies in the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve

Question 30

the cervical posterior rami of C1 is known as?

Answer 30

suboccipital nerve

Question 31

what muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of C1?

Answer 31

1) rectus capitis posterior major and minor 2) obliquus capitis superior and inferior 3) semispinalis capitis

Question 32

the posterior medial branch of C2 is known as?

Answer 32

greater occipital nerve

Question 33

what does the (Greater occipital nerve) C2 medial posterior branch innervate?

Answer 33

sensory innervation to the posterior neck and scalp

Question 34

what does the lateral branch of C2 innervate?

Answer 34

motor supply to the semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscle

Question 35

what is the posterior medial branch of C3 known as?

Answer 35

third (least) occipital nerve

Question 36

what does the (third (Least) occipital nerve) posterior medial branch of C3 innervate?

Answer 36

sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck

Question 37

what does the posterior lateral branch of C3 innervate?

Answer 37

(motor supply same as C2) | semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscle

Question 38

what do the posterior medial branches of C4-C8 innervate?

Answer 38

sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck

Question 39

what do the posterior lateral branches of C4-C8 innervate?

Answer 39

motor supply to iliocostalis cervcis, longissimus cervicis and capitis

Question 40

what forms the cevical plexus?

Answer 40

formed by anterior (primary) rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

Question 41

what do the nerve roots of the cervical plexus form?

Answer 41

a series of communicating loops

Question 42

the cervical plexes and the inferior vagal ganglion communicate with the?

Answer 42

loop formed by C1 and C2

Question 43

the cervical plexus communicates with the accessory nerve thorugh what?

Answer 43

loops formed by C2 and C3 and with C3 and C4

Question 44

what type of information do fibers of the accessory nerve that communicates with the cervical plexus carry?

Answer 44

proprioceptive information

Question 45

what spinal nerve does the sternocleidomastoid communicate with through the cervical plexus?

Answer 45

C2

Question 46

what spinal nerves does the trapezius communicate with through the cervical plexus?

Answer 46

C3 and C4

Question 47

usually gray rami communicans carry what type of information in postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the loop between C1 and C2 and Roots of C3 and C4

Answer 47

vasomotor sudomotor pilomotor

Question 48

what type of fibers carry vasomotor, sudomotor, pilomotor information to the loop of C1 and C2 and Roots of C3 and C4?`

Answer 48

three gray rami communicans carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 49

what are the superficial branche sof the cervical plexus?

Answer 49

lesser occipital nerve great auricular nerve transverce cutaneous medial, intermediate, lateral supraclavicular nerves

Question 50

the lesser occipital nerve carries fibers from C2 and occasionally C3 to supply?

Answer 50

skin on the superior 1/3 of the auricle as well as the skin behind the ear

Question 51

what other nerves does the lesser occipital nerve communicate with?

Answer 51

greater occipital nerve | great auricular nerve

Question 52

the lesser occipital nerve may be implicated in cases of?

Answer 52

cervicogenic headache

Question 53

the great auricular nerve carries fibers from which spinal nerves?

Answer 53

C2 and C3

Question 54

as the great auricular nerve enters the parotid gland what does it do?

Answer 54

divides into anterior and posterior branches

Question 55

the anterior branch of the great auricular branch combines with the facial nerve to supply what?

Answer 55

skin over the parotid gland

Question 56

what does the posterior branch of the great auricular branch supply?

Answer 56

supplies the skin over the mastoid process