EXAM

Question 1

When does the right hemisphere typically experience a spurt in activity, supporting spatial skills?

Answer 1

between 8-10 years

Question 2

Consequences of an early thyroxine deficiency without prompt treatment?

Answer 2

Intellectual disability and stunted physical growth

Question 3

Purpose of synaptic pruning that occurs after synapse overproduction?

Answer 3

Eliminates unused connections, making neural networks more efficient

Question 4

How do 2-3 year olds typically throw a ball?

Answer 4

Stand still and throw with an arm thrust only

Question 5

what age do children typically develop the ability to coordinate upper- and lower-body movements, adding speed and force?

Answer 5

5-6

Question 6

What is a significant consequence of diarrheal disease from unsafe water or food in children?

Answer 6

stunted growth and lower IQ

Question 7

What type of diet do preschoolers need, similar to adults but in smaller portions?

Answer 7

balanced, high quality diet with varied food groups

Question 8

How do sleep difficulties affect internalizing problems in children?

Answer 8

fear and anxiety

Question 9

How does malnutrition affect the timing of tooth eruption in children?

Answer 9

delays the process

Question 10

Why does appetite decline in many children around age 2?

Answer 10

growth rate slows down

Question 11

Which brain hemisphere is responsible for language and logical tasks?

Answer 11

left hemisphere

Question 12

What is the average yearly height gain for children during early childhood?

Answer 12

2-3 inches a year

Question 13

As body proportions become more streamlined in early childhood, where does the center of gravity shift?

Answer 13

downwards, towards the trunk

Question 14

What are epiphyses in the context of skeletal growth during early childhood?

Answer 14

growth centers where cartilage hardens into bone

Question 15

Between what ages do children learn to name alphabet letters and match letters to sounds?

Answer 15

4-6

Question 16

Which brain region shows rapid growth supporting inhibition of impulses and working memory in preschoolers?

Answer 16

prefrontal cortex

Question 17

Which brain hemisphere is responsible for spatial and visual processing?

Answer 17

right

Question 18

What is a negative outcome of coercing or pressuring children to eat certain foods?

Answer 18

value treats more and healthy food less

Question 19

What is the role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in growth?

Answer 19

stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

Question 20

How does increased daily screen time affect children’s sleep patterns?

Answer 20

Trouble falling asleep and night wakings

Question 21

Which brain hemisphere is highly active between ages 3–6, linked to rapid language development?

Answer 21

left hemisphere

Question 22

What societal factor is a strong predictor of childhood injury?

Answer 22

Low parental education and single parenthood

Question 23

What is the typical yearly weight gain for children during early childhood?

Answer 23

+5 pounds

Question 24

which of the following is a primary risk factor for increasing a child’s susceptibility to tooth decay?

Answer 24

exposure to tobacco

Question 25

By what age does brain energy use typically decline to near-adult levels?

Answer 25

8-10

Question 26

What does Growth Hormone (GH) stimulate the liver and epiphyses to release?

Answer 26

insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 27

By what percentage does the brain grow between ages 2 and 6, relative to adult weight?

Answer 27

70-90%

Question 28

What percentage of lower cognitive performance was explained by atypical brain development in children experiencing persistent poverty?

Answer 28

20%

Question 29

Which factor primarily influences the timing of primary teeth loss in children?

Answer 29

Genetic factors

Question 30

What percentage of children are affected by sleepwalking?

Answer 30

4%

Question 31

What major advancements occur in fine-motor skills during the preschool years?

Answer 31

finger control for tasks like puzzles and drawings

Question 32

At what age do children typically begin to draw 'tadpole people' (circle + lines)?

Answer 32

3-4 years

Question 33

Which of the following describes a sex difference in motor development during early childhood?

Answer 33

Boys excel in force and power activities, girls excel in balance and fine motor skills

Question 34

What is a common perceptual challenge preschoolers face when learning to print?

Answer 34

reverse letters

Question 35

Around what age do children's writing attempts begin to show features of true print, such as separate symbols in a line?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

What is the primary function of Growth Hormone (GH) from birth onwards?

Answer 36

required for the development of almost all body tissues

Question 37

Why is sleep considered essential for body growth in children?

Answer 37

growth hormones are released during sleep

Question 38

What is considered the key to gross- and fine-motor skill development in early childhood?

Answer 38

everyday active, varied play

Question 39

Rapid growth in the prefrontal cortex during early childhood supports which executive functions?

Answer 39

impulses, working memory, flexible thinking

Question 40

describe body composition differences in early childhood

Answer 40

girls = more body fat, boys= more muscle

Question 41

Which gross-motor milestone is typically achieved between 3–4 years of age?

Answer 41

walking upstairs and pedaling on a tricycle

Question 42

Which self-help skill demonstrates increased independence in preschoolers?

Answer 42

dressing, unbuttoning, zipping, and feeding self w spoon/fork

Question 43

What is the primary benefit of improved integration between brain hemispheres?

Answer 43

smoother coordindation of skills

Question 44

How do X-rays of epiphyses contribute to understanding child development?

Answer 44

help estimate skeletal age, useful for diagnosing growth disorders

Question 45

Which two key hormones does the pituitary gland release to stimulate physical growth?

Answer 45

1. Growth hormone 2. thyroid stimulating hormone (

Question 46

What is the typical number of new epiphyses that appear between ages 2 and 6?

Answer 46

45