what is
Naïve Psychology
Baseline understanding of how humans and other living
beings (animals, cartoon characters) behave in the world
components
1. intention: act on world independtly <1
2. desire: own wans and needs 1+
3. belief: actions guided by what they think they know 5+
whats the difference between
Entity orientation an incremental orientation
- Entity Orientation: “im sucessful” “i must be dumb” (PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES)
- Incremental Orientation: “I earned this” “i should try harder” (SELF IMPORVMENT)
which type of social stage of play is this:
child plays with peers in an organized activity with a goal,
Ex)
game (e.g., soccer), reaching an aim (e.g., building the
tallest block tower), or enacting a dramatic situation
from daily life (e.g., playing restaurant)
cooperative play
what is a potent reinforcer?
Attention
what was an exampe of observational learning?
Bandura’s Bobo Doll studies
Uninvolved:
Low Warmth + Low control
- low emotional support
- little boundaries
- little monitoring
“ i dont care what you do with the toy”
what emotion is this:
Focused specifically on one’s actions
and their consequences for others
* Feelings of remorse, regret,
empathy for others
* “I did something wrong…”
* Associated with attempts to
remedy the situation, make amends
Guilt
what is considered microsystem?
school, family, health services, dacare, peers
What is ToM (theory of mind)
An organized understanding of how mental
processes such as intentions, desires, beliefs,
perceptions, and emotions influence behaviour
what emotion is this
Focused more broadly on one’s
feelings of self-worth, inherent value
* Feelings of being a failure, being
exposed, needing to hide
* “I am a bad person…”
* Associated with social avoidance,
withdrawal, not making amends
Shame
explain childs phenotype –> environment
children arent passive recipents of environment influences; THEY DIRECTLY IMPACT THE WORLD AROUND THEM
The perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories
Categorical perception
Voice onset time (VOT)
The length of time between when air passes through the lips and when the
vocal cords start vibrating
what is a measurement of peer status
sociometric status
- measures peer acceptance
- reflects degree to which children are liked/disliked
Gametes have a _________ diff from the original chromosomes they come from!
unique mix of genetic material
challanges of processing speech identify one
Adults bad at distinguishing between
phonemes we don’t often hear/produce
* Arabic speakers might struggle with /b/ and
/p/, distinct phonemes in English
* But English speakers struggle with /h/ and
/x/ (“velar fricative” found in Arabic)
Why?
* We learn to categorize different speech
sounds, lumping some sounds together
while distinguishing between others
* Every language does this differently!
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The process of discovering where words begin and end in fluent speech
Word segmentation
what influences motivation
- Entity Orientation
- Incremental Orientation
word learning:
what is fast mapping
Rapidly learning a new word simply from hearing the contrastive use of a familiar and the unfamiliar word
explain Discrete emotion theory
- basic emotions and their expression are innate products of evolution
Ekman worked w/ New Guinea people, no western contact, expressed same emotional expressions, interpretations.
EXPLAIN childs genotype –> childs phenotype
- recessive and dominant alleles
- recessive expressed if dominant isnt present but dominant is always expessed if present
complete set of genes of an organism
genome
what are EF (executive functions)
- processes associated w/ the intentional regulation of behaviour
- taking charge of attention, actions in pursuit of goals
–> performed via prefrontal cortex
–> improves w/ age
explain the development of problem solving
- planning: problem solving easier if planned
- overlapping waves theory: Information-processing approach that emphasizes the variability of children’s thinking
search picture of overlapping waves theory if needed
