Genome
size is not related to complexity or # of genes
Tandom Repeats
andandandandand
-telomeres (uses RNA to extend 3’ peice)
Interspersed/transposons
Jumping genes
Cut and paste (enzyme cuts, ligase paste into new)
Copy and Paste (transcription, revererse trans. cut and ligate)
Helicase
breaks h bonds with ATP
Primase
Creates RNA primer, uses atp as monomer
ss binding proteins
prevent reannling
topisomeerase
relieves tension, can cut and religate DNA
Prophase
chromosomes condense with histones
centromere-tandom repeats
prometaphase
nucleus breaks down due to phosphorylation which adds a negative charge
metaphase
chromosomes align using centromere
anaphase
dyeins walk microtubles toward them, pulls them back
cyto
actin seperates cells
mitosis creates two
identical diploid cells
metaphase 1
homologous chromosomes line up
anaphase 1
two double haploid cells
anaphase 2
results in haploid daughter cells
3 to 5 exo
fixes mismatch
mismatch
before cell division
-parent strand is methylated
base excision
interphase, G1, G2
-removes base
cuts ligates
-creating an abasic site,
nuc excision
interphase, G1, G2
-removes 10 bp to fix thymine dimers
double strand
Creates translocations
recombination
- Used for both DNA repair and to generate variation during
order of cells
toti, pluri, multi
epigenetics factors
no change to DNA structure
heritable through mitosis
reversible
respond to environment
