1
Q
Adductor Brevis and Adductor Longus Action
A
- hip adduction
- hip internal rotation
- assists w/ hip flexion
2
Q
Gracilis A
A
- Hip Adductoon
- Assists w/ hip flexion
- Assists w/ knee flexion and internal rotation
3
Q
Semitendonosus A
A
- knee flexion
- knee internal rotation
- hip extension
4
Q
Semimembranosus A
A
- knee: flexion and internal rotation
- hip: extension and internal rotation
5
Q
O: obturator membrane (internal surface) and obturator foramen
I: greater trochanter of the femur (medial surface)
A
Obturator Internus O, I
6
Q
O: obturator membrane (external surface) obturator foramen
I: greater trochanter of the femur (posteromedial side)
A
Obturator Externus O, I
7
Q
O: ilium (outer surface - between middle and inferior gluteal lines)
I: greater trochanter of the femur (anterior surface)
A
Gluteus minimus O, I
8
Q
O: iliac crest and the ala of the ilium
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A
Gluteus medius (anterior and posterior fibers) O, I
9
Q
Psoas Major A
A
- hip flexion
- trunk flexion (femur)
- assists w/ lateral rotation
10
Q
Iliacus A
A
- Hip flexion
- trunk flexion (femur)
- anterior pelvic tilt (fixed thighs)
- assists w/ hip lateral rotation
11
Q
Q Angle
- what lines form it?
- what are the typical angles?
- what do high w angles do?
A
- Angles formed by ASIS to center of patella and tibial tubérosité to center of patella
- <15 for males and <20 for females
- higher q angles prédisposé people to lateral patellar dislocation and ligamentous injuries
12
Q
What is pes ansérine bursitis?
What causes it?
How do you care for it?
A
- Inflammatory condition of the sartorius, gracillis, and semitendonosis (attached to medial tibia)
- cause: overuse/constant friction and stress on bursa
- care: rest, anti-inflammatories, stretch hamstrings, injections
13
Q
Semitendonosus and semimembranosus I
A
Sciatic nerve
14
Q
Popliteus A
A
Knee: internal rotation and flexion (fixed at knee)
15
Q
External and internal oblique A
A
Horizontal spinal rotation
Spinal flexion
Lateral spinal flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
16
Q
Rectus abdominis A
A
Spinal flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
17
Q
Iliocostalis and longissimus A
A
Spinal extension
Lateral spinal flexion
Anterior pelvic tilt
18
Q
IT Band Friction Syndrome/Runner’s/Cyclist’s Knee
Cause, signs, care
A
- Care: repeated knee flexion and extension
- signs: tenderness, mild swelling, pain during running/cycling
- care: stretch IT Band, correct foot and leg alignment problems, proper warm up, avoid activities
19
Q
Piriformis I
A
Direct from the sacral plexus
S1, S2
20
Q
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis and longus A
A
Foot eversion
Assists w/ ankle plantar flexion
21
Q
Lumbricals 1-4 A
A
MP Joint Flexion
Assists w/ IP Extension of 2nd - 5th digits
22
Q
O: lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus of the knee joint
I: body of the tibia (posterior surface) -> proximal to the soleal line
A
Popliteus O, I
23
Q
Piriformis A
A
Hip lateral rotation
May assist w/ hip abduction when hip is flexed
24
Q
O: anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of the anterior iliac crest, fascia Latae
I: IT Band
A
Tensor fascia latae (TFL) O, I
25
Gluteus medius anterior fibers A
- Assists a/ hip medial rotation and hip flexion
- hip abduction
26
Adductor Magnus A
Hip adduction
Hip internal rotation
Assists w/ hip extension
27
Vastus intermedius, lateralis, and medialis A
Knee extension
28
O: greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur
I: patella (proximal border) and tuberosity of the tibia (via patellar ligament)
Vastus lateralis O, I
29
O: medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
I: patella (proximal border) and tuberosity of the tibia (via patellar ligament)
Vastus Medialis O, I
30
O: iliac fossa of the hip bone
I: distal to the lesser trochanter of the femur (common w/ tendon of psoas major)
Iliacus O, I
31
O: inferior ramis of the pubis and ischial tuberosity
I: femur: medial lip of the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle
Adductor magnus O, I
32
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus I
Superior gluteal nerve
33
Psoas major I
Femoral nerve
34
Iliacus I
Femoral nerve
35
Flexor digitorum longus A
Plantar flexion of toes 2-5
Assists w/ ankle plantsr flexion and foot eversion
36
Flexor hallicus longus A
Plantar flexion of big toe
Assists w/ ankle plantar flexion and foot inversion
37
Extensor hallicus longus A
Extend great toe
Assists w/ ankle dorsi flexion and foot inversion
38
Extensor digitorum longus A
Extends lateral 4 digits
Assists w/ ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion
39
Abductor hallucis A
Abducts and assists w/ flexing big toe
40
Flexor digitorum brevis A
Flex lateral 4 toes
41
Abductor digits minimi A
Abduct and flex MP joint of 5th toe
42
Flexor hallicus brevis A
Flex MP Joint of the great toe
43
Adductor hallucis A
Adduct MP Joint of the great toe
Assists w/ MP joint flexion of great toe
44
Flexor digiti minimi brevis A
Flex MP Joint of the small toe
45
Extensor Digitorum brevis A
Toe extension -> distal interphalangeal joints 2-4
46
O: soleal line of the tibia and upper 1/3 head and dorsal surface of the fibula
I: calcaneus (posterior side) via Achilles tendon
Soleus O, I
47
O: middle of the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Extensor hallicus longus O, I
48
O: lateral condyle of the tibia, superior 3/4 of anterior shaft, interosseous membrane (anterior surface), superior tibiofibular joint
I: extensor expansion complex of toes 2-5 (middle and distal phalanges)
Extensor digitorum longus O, I
49
Sartorius I
Femoral nerve
50
Gluteus Maximus I
Inferior gluteal nerve
51
Achilles tendon rupture
Cause, signs, care
Cause: sudden forceful ankle plantar flexion in people >30 and dynamic movement
Signs: feel or hear pop and palpable defect on tendon
Care: surgery and immobilize for 6-8 weeks
52
Eversion sprains
Less common than inversion
Deltoid ligament sprained
53
Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius I
Femoral nerve
54
O: tibia: posterior surface, distal to popliteal line
I: base of the 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
Flexor digitorum longus O, I
55
O: fibula: upper 1/2 - 2/3 of lateral fibulae shaft and surface and proximal head and head
I: medial cuneiform (plantar/inferior aspect) and lateral side of 1st metatarsal bone
Fibularis (peroneus) longus O, I
56
Rectus femoris A
Knee extension
Hip flexion
Anterior pelvic tilt (fixed thighs)
57
O: anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur
I: patella (proximal border) and tuberosity of the tibia (via patellar ligament)
Vastus intermedius O, I
58
Tibialis posterior I
Tibial nerve
59
O: posterior surface (lower 2/3) and inter muscular septum
I: base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
Flexor hallicus longus O, I
60
Obturator externus I
Obturator nerve
61
Extensor halluces longus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis I
Peroneal nerve
62
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis, longus, tertius I
Peroneal nerve
63
Gastronemius I
Tibial nerve
64
Tibialis anterior I
Peroneal nerve
65
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
I
Tibial nerve
66
Obturator internus A
Hip lateral rotation
May assist w/ hip abduction when hip is flexed
67
O: long head of the ischial tuberosity
I: proximal head of the fibula
Biceps femoris long head O, I
68
Gluteus Maximus A
Hip: extension, extension (fixed thighs), external rotation
Knee: lateral rotation
Pelvis: medial rotation (unilateral contraction) and lateral rotation
Upper fibers: assists w/ hip abduction
Lower fibers: assists w/ hip addiction
69
Gluteus minimus A
Hip: abduction and medial rotation
Assists w/ hip flexion
70
Gluteus medius posterior fibers A
- Assists w/ hip lateral rotation
- Hip abduction
71
Quadratus femoris A
Hip lateral rotation
72
O: hip bone: iliac crest and ala of the ilium (posterior surface)
I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and IT Band
Gluteus Maximus O, I
73
O: anterior surface of the pubis
I: medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur (middle 1/3)
Adductor longus O, I
74
Pectineus I
Femoral nerve
75
Inferior and superior gremellus I
Direct from the sacral plexus
L4-L5, S1-S2
76
Rectus femoris I
Femoral nerve
77
Tibialis posterior A
Ankle plantar flexion
Foot inversion
78
Tibialis anterior A
Ankle dorsiflexion
Assists w/ foot inversion
79
Quadratus lumbordum A
Spinal extension
Lateral spinal extension
Lateral pelvic tilt
80
Gastronemius A
Ankle plantar flexion
Assists w/ knee flexion
81
Adductor brevis and longus I
Obturator nerve
82
Biceps femoris long head I
Sciatic nerve
83
Compartment syndrome
Cause, sign, treatment
Cause: increase pressure in 1 in 4 lower leg compartments -> compression of muscular and neuro vascular structures
Signs: pain, tightness, swelling, less circulation and sensory changes in foot
Treatment: surgery
84
Inversion sprains
Most common -> lateral ligaments injured
Anterior talofibular ligament injury -> inverted and plantar flexed
Calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligament injury -> increased inversion force
85
High ankle sprains (syndesmosis sprain)
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and interosseous membrane sprained
Cause: foot is planted and lower leg twists in opposite direction
Treatment: takes months to heal and needs surgery reduction and stabilization
86
Tensor fascia latae (TFL) I
Superior gluteal nerve
87
Obturator internus I
Direct from the sacral plexus L5, S1-S2
88
Quadratus femoris I
Direct from the sacral plexus L4-L5, S1-S2
89
Adductor magnus I
Obturator nerve
Sciatic nerve
90
Gracilis I
Obturator nerve
91
Soleus A
Ankle plantar flexion
92
Quadratus femoris A
Assists flexor digitorum longus in IP Joint flexion
93
Popliteus and Soleus I
Tibial nerve
94
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius A
Ankle dorsiflexion
Assists w/ foot eversion
95
O: distal head of the femur
I: calcaneus (posterior side) via Achilles tendon
Gastronemius lateral head O, I
96
O: medial head of the femur
I: calcaneus (posterior side) via Achilles tendon
Gastronemius medial head O, I
97
O: fibula: superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface and interosseus membrane
Tibia: superior aspect of the posterior surface
I: navicular bone, medial cuneiform, 2nd - 4th metatarsal, 2nd cuneiform
Tibialis posterior O, I
98
O: fibula: inferior (distal) 2/3 of lateral Fibular surface
I: base of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis O, I
99
O: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior inter muscular membrane
I: base of the 5th metatarsal
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius O, I
100
O: lateral condyle and lateral surface of upper 1/2 of the tibia, interosseous membrane, crural fascia
I: medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal bone
Tibialis anterior O, I
101
Transverse absominis A
Abdominal hallowing
102
Piriformis syndrome
What is it?
Signs and causes
Sciatic nerve gets compressed and irritated from tightness or spasm of Piriformis
Signs: pain, numbness, tingling in knees and/or feet
Care stretch, message, anti-inflammatory drugs, stop doing activities, injections
103
Athletic pubalgia/sports hernia
Occur, cause, care
Occur: where abs and adductor attach to pubic bone
Cause forceful and/or repetitive use of leg -> tears muscles, less function, and severe groin pain
Care: rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, adductor strengthening
104
Biceps femoris short head A
Knee flexion and external rotation
105
Obturator externus A
Hip lateral rotation
106
Inferior and superior gremellus A
Hip lateral rotation
May assist w/ hip abduction when hip is flexed
107
O: linea aspera of the femur
I: proximal head of the fibula
Biceps femoris short head O, I
108
O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
I: quadratic tubercle of the femur (proximal posterior femur)
Quadratus femoris O, I
109
O: ischial tuberosity of the ischium
I: greater trochanter of the femur (medial surface)
Inferior gremellus O, I
110
O: ischial spine of the ischium
I: greater trochanter of the femur (medial surface)
Superior gremellus O, I
111
O: lateral process of the sacrum (anterior surface)
I: greater trochanter of the femur (superior border)
Piriformis O, I
112
O: anterior superior iliac sound of the pelvis
I: patella (proximal border) and the tuberosity of the tibia (via patellar ligament)
Rectus femoris straight head O, I
113
O: groove above acetabulum
I: patella (proximal border) and the tuberosity of the tibia (via patellar ligament)
Rectus femoris reflected head O, I
114
O: anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis
I: proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia (superomedial shaft)
Sartorius O, I
115
O: superior ramus of the pubis
I: pectineal line of the femur (between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera)
Pectineus O, I
116
O: inferior ramus of the pubis
I femur: distal 2/3 of the pectineal line and the medial lip of the linea aspera
Adductor brevis O, I
117
O: inferior ramus of the pubis
I: distal to the medial condyle
Gracilis O, I
118
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of the tibia (posterior side)
Semimembranosus O, I
119
O: ischial tuberosity
I: under the medial condyle of the tibia
Semitendonosus O, I
120
O: thoracic vertebrae (T12), lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), inter verbal vertebrae (T12-L5)
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas major O, I
121
Sartorius A
Hip: flexion and lateral rotation w/ abduction
Knee: flexion and assists in internal rotation
Anterior pelvic tilt (fixed thighs)
122
Pectineus A
Hip adduction
Assists w/ hip flexion
123
Biceps femoris long head A
Knee flexion
Knee internal rotation
Hip extension
124
Tensor fascia latae (TFL) A
Hip: flexion (w/ abduction and medial rotation), abduction, medial rotation
Knee: may assist w/ extension
Pelvis: anterior (fixed thigh) and lateral (unilateral contention) tilt
125
Medial tibial stress syndrome/shin split
What is it?
Prevention
Pain at distal 2/3 of the posterior medial aspect of the tibia -> Tibialis posterior, medial Soleus, anterior Tibialis, extensor digitorum/longus involved
Attributed to musculotendinous injuries
Partially prevent: stretch plantar flexors and strengthen dorsiflexors
126
Plantar fasciitis
Cause, signs/symptoms, care
Cause: inflexibility of medial longitudinal arch, Gastronemius- Soleus is tight, shoes w/o good arch support, running on soft surfaces
Signs/symptoms: anterior medial heel pain -> worse when forcibly dorsi flexed
Care: proper footwear, stretch
HESP 133
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