Phosphoester bond
Sugar and phosphate
Phosphoanhydride bonds
Phosphates with nucleotide, link phosphate molecules together
Phosphodiester bond
2 nucleotides within nucelic acid, 1 phosphate linking 2 sugar molecules together
Minor groove (DNA)
When phosphodiester backbones of each strand are closer together
Major groove
Phosphodiester backbones of each strand are farther apart
A pairs with (DNA)
T
G pairs with (DNA)
C
RNA contains
Uracil
DNA contains
Thymine
Bulge (RNA secondary structure)
Small bump but not on the other side
Internal Loop (RNA secondary structure)
Big bump on both sides
Hairpin (RNA secondary structure)
Long chain with bump at the end that changes the direction of the strands
Higher Tm means
Stronger, more favorable DG energies
A higher percentage of GC pairs increases the melting temp
Due to favorable pi-stacking interactions
A higher percentage of GC pairs increases the melting temp
Due to favorable pi-stacking interactions
Longer DNA strand=higher Tm because of
More bonding between strands
Higher salt concentration=higher Tm because
Phosphate backbone is neutralized
Endonucleus
Internal cuts
Exonucleus
Nucleotides removed from the ends
