Nursing 200 Foundations > Exam 3 BM > Flashcards

Exam 3 BM Flashcards

(95 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What GI disease kidney disease pt usually have?

A

Anorexia and GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 5 causes of pt to more likely to have constipation

A
  1. Uncontrolled DM = cause gastroparesis = decrease of food from stomach to small intestines without physical obstruction
  2. HF pts condition
  3. Older pts (due to decrease mobility, fluid and fiber intake)
  4. Barium or other types of contrast IV drinking for diagnostic procedure
  5. Pt went through a surgical procedure with anesthesia and opioids intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to know if GI have any activity?

A

If auscultation hear hypoactivity GI
Can ask pt if they burped or passed any gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 12 factors affecting BM

A
  1. Age (infants - toddler - children age - adult - geriatric)
  2. Fluid and intake
  3. Physical activity
  4. Pathological conditions
  5. Pain
  6. Medications and laxatives
  7. Position during defecation
  8. Personal habits
  9. Diagnostic testing
  10. Surgical operations
  11. Psychological factors
  12. Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do infants have immature GI that causes soft stool and involuntary?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false: at toddler age, they have neuromuscular development, so they are aware of privacy and when having a BM but still need potty trained?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is school age children vs adult in BM?

A

Same awareness and behavior as adult but still need to encourage them because they tend to be not getting up or not going on urge when playing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the benefit of physical activity to GI?

A

Increase in GI peristalsis = Helps to eliminate waste and absorb food nutrients better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 medications can lead to diarrhea?

A

Antibiotics, lactulose, laxatives & cathartics (if abusing because of habit forming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 4 medications can cause constipation?

A

Opioids, acids, iron meds, (antidiarrheal meds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 diagnostics testing can affect GI?

A

Endoscopy, barium swallowing CT scan, X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe position can help better BM?

A

Knees higher than butt, pressure on the abdomen by squad sitting position slight leaning forward, thigh constricts = straighten angle of the anal canal & rectum = easier to have BM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Range of fiber intake?

A

24-38 g/day, depends on gender, sizer, occupation of a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does surgery and anesthesia cause decrease in GI mobility because it blocked PNS?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: pt with depression = more likely to have constipation: pt with anxiety, stress = more likely to have BM or diarrhea

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do pregnancy at third semester tend to have constipation?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why pain cause constipation?

A

Pt might refrain bc of pain so avoid to go. Or when using narcotics/pain meds causing hard to go bc they decrease in GI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe constipation

A

Having less than 3 BM/week. Tend to cause excessive straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When applied pressure to a closed glottis, what happened?

A

Cause vasovagal response called valsalva maneuver = cause bradycardia & syncopal episodes (fainting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do hospital give when pt having constipation?

A

Commonly laxatives or prune juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List 3 effective ways for constipation implementation

A
  1. Encourage fluid, fiber intake and mobility
  2. Provide environment that is relaxing and comfortable
  3. Less narcotics intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define impaction

A

Is unrelieved constipation, hard feces that has soft oozes around it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cause of impaction (hint: give 3 causes)

A
  1. Cause of narcotics/opioids intake
  2. Decrease in fluid, fiber intake and decrease in mobility
  3. Anticholinergic, antihistamine meds (bc they decrease in GI activity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 ways to treat impaction

A

Can do enemas or manual/digital disimpaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define diarrhea
Involuntary spasmodic cramps that is associated with GI disease.
26
Give 4 causes of diarrhea
1. Antibiotics 2. Irritating food like spicy food; contaminated food or fluid 3. Lactulose 4. C.diff
27
2 implementations for treatments of diarrhea?
Give fluids for dehydration status Give antidiarrheal meds
28
Define incontinence
It is the inability to voluntarily control the passage of feces and flatus
29
3 causes of incontinence
Anal sphincter problems GI disease Nerve impairement
30
Define flatulence
Accumulation of gas due to swallowing of gas or due to production of gas from bacteria in the GI tract
31
2 Treatments of flatulence
Antiflatulence mobility
32
Define hemorrhoids
Vasodilation of the Gorge veins in the rectum that can be internal or external. It will cause discomfort/pain when having a BM.
33
3 Causes of hemorrhoids
1. Straining 2. Pregnancy 3. Heart and liver disease
34
Treatment of hemorrhoids
Can give a sitz bath and give topical vasoconstriction meds like prep H (however this can cause pruritis, so can give 1% hydrocortisone cream for externally only)
35
What is bowel diversions?
A different passageway of feces than traditional way through surgery by creating a stoma
36
Causes of bowel diversions
Colon cancer, anus/rectum cancer, perforated bowel, knife/trauma to the abdomen, diverticulosis, other GI disease
37
True or false: stoma should be red, beefy, moist, no bleeding and no sensation
True
38
Is post op edema normal?
Yes. Around 1-3 cm above skin = normal
39
How long is temporary stoma?
6-12 months
40
3 problems with stoma
1. High output 2. Ischemia of stoma 3. Retraction, prolapse, and hernia of stoma
41
3 locations of stoma
Jejunostomy, ileostomy, colostomy
42
List 4 types of colostomy
End colostomy, double-barrel colostomy, loop colostomy, divided colostomy
43
What is end colostomy?
End colostomy is a surgical procedure that is done mostly because of anal/rectum cancer or sigmoid/part of the descending colon. Temporary = if anal/rectum is being left behind, can shut or open, can restore back. Permanent = if anal/rectum is removed too, mostly end colostomy is permanent
44
Is the proximal end always the one that has effluent out?
Yes
45
What is loop colostomy?
Usually temporarily, emergency cases where there’s injury to the abdomen. There is a support structure to connect and support the two openings. Distal end opening might or might not have discharge come out = same with might or might not have discharge come out of the anus/rectum (usually rectum/anus in loop colostomy is not shut)
46
True or False: loop colostomy is bulky and easier to apply than end colostomy
False
47
Divided colostomy define
2 openings separated with no connection like loop colostomy due to part of diseased/cancer of the colon. Again, proximal end = appliance on the stoma Distal end = might or might not have discharge out, can put appliance on if needed, but not going to have effluent out of this opening.
48
What is double-barrel colostomy?
A surgically sewn two openings together creating something that has image like a two holes of the gun. Rare but some pt still do this.
49
Is more distal the stoma is, the more formed it is going to be. This is the same way around where the more proximal stoma it is, the more stool is liquid?
Yes
50
What equipments nurse need to wear for caring of stoma?
Gloves, googles (if thinking it could splash), deodorizer (do it under the bed so pt can breath easier)
51
When need to change stoma?
Every 5 days or per policy hospital or when leaking
52
When you need to empty appliance?
When it becomes full, but be careful to change it when it is half full = don’t want pressure on the peristomal skin. Sometimes, it is just gas but no effluent.
53
What to assess the effluent?
They should be recorded in mL, should assess color, and odor (usually more pungent smell than the stool comes out of the anus)
54
How much you pull up when taking the clamp of the appliance off?
1/2 to 1 inch up.
55
Which colon can nurse irrigate?
Only when it is sigmoid or descending colonoscopy
56
Is it ok to keep the equipments of pt ostomy care in the room?
Yes
57
What to use to compare stoma to apply for appliance called?
Pattern
58
How many inches larger should I cut the appliance for the stoma?
1/8 inches larger = to prevent break down, irritation of the appliance to the stoma
59
Which side nurses put for the appliance?
If nurse taking care of= lay on the side of the abdomen, towards the floor If pt takes care themselves, then towards their feet = easier for them to empty the appliance.
60
Types of common ostomy bags (hint: 3)
1 piece ostomy bag 2 piece adhesive ostomy bag 2 piece flange ostomy bag
61
Steps of changing an ostomy bag?
1. put towel/chucks/pads underneath the skin and the collection bag to catch any leaking falling out. 2. Can first empty to assess effluent if needed. If need to assess, get a graduated cylinder 3. Starting in one corner in push and pull fashion, can use adhesive wipes to slowly get the pads off. Because the stickiness can cause pain if do too quick 4. Get gauze to catch any effluent out 5. Use warm water towel to clean the skin and pat dry (no rubbing), then can use no-sting skin prep wipes to clean 6. Assess and then later put in the record for physician to see Then use powder little bit on the peristomal skin. Then use skin barrier wipes to seal in the powder. Each pt will have different preferences. 7. If pt like premium adhesive paste, can use that. If pt likes skin barrier strips, do that. If it is a barrier ring bc it is a two piece ostomy bag, then don’t need nothing else to secure because already have the barrier ring. 8. Put hands in touching for 30seconds or so, to make the warmth increase the adhesive.
62
What to use to remove the adhesive pads?
Adhesive wipes or adhesive spray for specifically peristomal care
63
What to use to clean peristomal skin and get rid off the adhesiveness remained?
- At hospital, can use towel soaked with warm water then pat dry (no rubbing) and then can use no-sting-skin prep wipes to clean - At home, can either do that or use tissues instead then use no-sting-skin prep wipes to clean
64
If peristomal skin is irritating, what to do?
Assess and then later put in the record for physician to see Then use powder little bit on the peristomal skin. Then use skin barrier wipes to seal in the powder. Each pt will have different preferences.
65
How to secure stoma?
1 piece: can use skin barrier premium paste to secure and fill in the irregularities or barrier strips or barrier ring (2 piece
66
Stool that is dehydrated that cause pressure in anus describe
1. Hard lump like nuts, hard to pass 2. Sausage shape the surface very lumpy
67
Is sausage stool with crackles on the surface acceptable stool normal range?
Yes
68
Normal stool color, shape describe
Smooth soft sausage with variable of brown shade color
69
Early signs of diarrhea, however still acceptable for some people is soft blobs with clear cut edges that is easy to pass. True or false
True
70
Severe diarrhea stool
Mushy stool with ragged edges or Even more severe is no solid piece, just liquid stool
71
To make sure pt has enough nutrition to make proteins, check what?
Check hgb/hct level
72
To check if there is GI bleeding, can do what stool diagnostic test?
FOBT: fecal occult blood test: need to send to the lab Guaiac test: a test that can be done at the bedside table, must use sterile tongue depressor to scoop stool If blue color, means positive = there is blood in stool
73
What to make sure when doing ova/parasites test?
Make sure is still warm when sending to the lab
74
Other tests to see if there’s problem with GI (hint: 6 tests)
1. To see if stool is fat: can do test steatorrhea 2. To check if liver is doing well: test ALT and AST 3. Can look at the pancreas: test amylase and lipase 4. CEA- carcinoembryonic antigen 5. CT scan, ultrasound, MRI of the abdomen 6. Upper and lower endoscopy or ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)
75
Describe steatorrhea (fatty stool)
Tend to be looser, smellier and paler in color like clay. And they tend to float.
76
Cause of steatorrhea. Which system is affected? Give 4 systems
Problems with bile ducts (maybe blockage) or gallstone problems (forty, fat, fertile, female) Problems with small intestines- malabsorption: not breaking down and absorb fats properly Problems with liver or pancreas disease because not sending enough or the lack of digestive enzymes to the small intestines
77
Brown color stool indication
Normal pigmentation of stool (as expected) resulting from the chemical changes of the bilirubin (breakdown of red blood cells) Light to dark brown color is fine. Smell is aromatic not pungent, cylindrical form
78
Green (some yellow shade) color stool indications
Eating too much vegetables like spinach Malabsorption due to decrease in bile or food passing through too quickly so bile or other digestive enzymes don’t have time to break down
79
Red color stool indication
Due to lower GI bleeding or rectum bleeding (fresh blood)
80
What is red stool called
Hematochezia
81
Yellow color stool indication
Small bowel infection like Giardia Can mean hyperactive bowel Malabsorption (maybe pancreatic disease)
82
Blue color stool indications
Can indicate illnesses in babies or eating foods that contain blue dyes.
83
White color stool indication
Intake of pesto bismol and barium at the same time Often cause of lack of bile (can be liver or biliary tract disease, gallstones)
84
Black stool indications
Upper GI tract bleeding that has a distinct smell to it
85
Black/ coffee grounded/tarry stool name
Melena
86
What is the regular time do you schedule BM with your pt?
Before or after breakfast, or after a cup of coffee
87
Is pt having different trigger to have BM like hot drinks, at night, or in the morning or certain meds?
Yes
88
Good fiber sources
Beans, fruits, vegetables, popcorn, oats, popcorn, almond
89
Position of pt when on a bedpan in bed
HOB up to 90 degree. Knee gatch down all the way down.
90
What to make sure before inserting the bedpan?
Can put powder in the edge of bedpan so it would not sticking. Put tissue paper inside so if collect feces, it will not stuck to the surface of the bedpan
91
2 examples of cathartics and what it does
Lactulose and sorbitol They cause acceleration in defecation, often cause a strong pungent smell
92
1 example of laxative and what it does
Dulcolax. It helps to ease defecation
93
1 example of antidiarrheal meds and what they do
Lomotil. They work by slowing down the GI mobility = more time for intestines to absorb water.
94
2 examples of antiflatulence and what it does
Simethicone, gas X. They convert larger bubbles gas into smaller gas bubbles = easier to pass
95
Do we need physician order for digital removal/manual disimpaction?
Yes. To prevent vasovagal response and bradycardia and syncopal episodes.
Nursing 200 Foundations
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions