Exam 4

Question 1

What are vitamins

Answer 1

class of nutrients that is essential to the animal but must be supplied because the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts

Question 2

list 3 general functions of vitamin a

Answer 2

vison
bone health
reproductive health

Question 3

how are vitamins classified; give examples of each

Answer 3

fat soluble: ADEK

water soluble: C B1 B2 B12

Question 4

What is formiminoglutamic acid

Answer 4

the compound that is found in large amounts in the urine of folic acid & b12 deficient animals

Question 5

What is THFA

Answer 5

tetrahydrofolic acid; active ingredient in folic acid

Question 6

This animal requires dietary source of folic acid

• ruminant
• non-ruminant
• poultry

Answer 6

poultry

Question 7

the function of this mineral and vitamin E is interrelated

• iodine
• copper
• selenium

Answer 7

Se

Question 8

what is pellagra

Answer 8

a symptom from a deficiency of niacin in humans

Question 9

active form of vitamin d3 is made in

• liver
• kidney
• thyroid

Answer 9

kidney

Question 10

involved in protein/amino acid metabolism

Answer 10

b6

Question 11

intrinsic factor

Answer 11

b12

Question 12

pigeon breast

Answer 12

D

Question 13

carotene

Answer 13

A

Question 14

radiant energy

Answer 14

D

Question 15

irreversible sterility

Answer 15

E

Question 16

riboflavin

Answer 16

b2

Question 17

phosphorylated in liver

Answer 17

b6

Question 18

reversible sterility

Answer 18

A

Question 19

thiamine

Answer 19

b1

Question 20

prothrombin

Answer 20

K

Question 21

White fat species

Answer 21

rats, sheep, goats, pigs

carotene not absorbed into blood stream but is converted to vitamin A in the intestinal wall

Question 22

Yellow fat species

Answer 22

cows, horses
have considerable carotene in plasma, therefore only part of carotene in feed is converted to vitamin a in intestinal wall
plasma may be stored in liver and fatty tissues of body

Question 23

this vitamin is involved in tryptophan metabolism

• b6
• riboflavin
• vit c

Answer 23

b6

Question 24

what are the sources of vitamin K1 and K2

green veggies or microbial origin

Answer 24

K1: green veggies
K2: microbial origin

Question 25

list 3 of 5 factors that could lead to pernicious anemia (addison's disease)

Answer 25

folic acid deficiency lack of intrinsic factor impaired intestinal absorption

Question 26

the accumulation of pyruvate acid and lactic acid is caused by the deficiency of this vitamin - vit a - vit b1 - vit b6

Answer 26

B1

Question 27

list 4 of 6 deficiency signs of b-complex vitamins

Answer 27

loss of appetite poor growth emaciation dermatitis

Question 28

your livestock is showing signs of pernicious anemia. based on what you were taught in ASC 378, this could be caused by more than one vitamin deficiencies. what are the likely vitamins that may be responsible for this and how would you determine (definitely) which of these 2 vitamins is actually deficient

Answer 28

which ones: b12, folic acid blood tests

Question 29

which of these minerals is necessary for proper vitamin b12 synthesis in sheep and cattle?

Answer 29

cobalt

Question 30

early work on niacin grew out of observations of its affects in dogs and in humans. It was known to be related an an ill-balanced diet. It is characterized by 3D's as symptoms ad usually reported that the 3M's caused the 3D's. Name two of the M's and two of the D's

Answer 30

Meat; molasses; meal (corn) | Dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia

Question 31

Cyanocobalamin is another name for - vit a - vit b1 - vit b12

Answer 31

Vit B12

Question 32

folic acid deficiency is mostly produced by simple dietary deficiency T/F

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Stable in acid than in alkaline - niacin - vit c - vit K

Answer 33

vit c

Question 34

folic acid is very stable in dry form at a pH of ___ and avoid -6 or 8

Answer 34

6

Question 35

Pellagra (in man) or black tongue disease in dogs is a deficiency symptom of - niacin/nicotinic acid - folic acid - vit b12

Answer 35

niacin/nicotinic acid

Question 36

Generally, vitamins are assayed either biologically or chemically or microbiologically

Answer 36

microbiologically

Question 37

Excess of this vitamin could result in calcification of soft tissue -A, D, E

Answer 37

D

Question 38

Coproghagy | -vit B1 B12

Answer 38

B12

Question 39

Serves as prosthetic group for several enzymes | -vit E, niacin, biotin

Answer 39

biotin

Question 40

It is an antioxidant | -vit d, riboflavin, vit c

Answer 40

vit c

Question 41

List 4 of the 6 factors that do influence the stability of vitamins

Answer 41

heat, moisture, time, pH, light

Question 42

Define non-nutritive feed additive

Answer 42

non-nutrient feed additives that are not required by poultry and livestock but may be included in the diet; may or may not have positive effects on performance

Question 43

Most common non-nutritive feed additives are divided into 3 groups. Name 2 of the 3

Answer 43

antibacterial agents; hormones and their derivatives

Question 44

List 2 groups of feed additives that are classified as drugs by the FDA

Answer 44

Antibiotics; anthelmintics

Question 45

FDA regulates three things regarding the items (antibiotics and anthelmintics); list 2 of the 3 things

Answer 45

usage level; allowable combinations

Question 46

For what purpose and at what levels are antibiotics fed?

Answer 46

- general performance enhancer - low levels 5-50 grams/t - disease prevention - 50-200g/ton - therapeutic levels - control of respiratory diseases, diarrhea, short term treatment - 200-500g/ton

Question 47

List 2 of the 3 antibiotic mode of action we discussed in class

Answer 47

nutrient sparing; disease control

Question 48

Define probiotics

Answer 48

microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance

Question 49

list 2 feed additives that function quite well in mature animals

Answer 49

buffers; thyroprotein

Question 50

List 2 of 3 mode of action of direct fed microbial (probiotics)

Answer 50

competitive exclusion; immune modulation

Question 51

Define prebiotics

Answer 51

non-digestible feed ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria that may improve host health

Question 52

pre- and probiotics increase/enhance the production of - lactic acid - propionic acid - Hcl

Answer 52

lactic