1) What are the objections to Shankara’s view (all is one without parts)?
- Where does the illusion reside?
- Can not be in my mind or Brahman - How can Brahman be hidden, given nature and pore consciousness
- How can the world be neither a thing (being) nor a thought (product if being)
- How can the world be neither real (eternal) or unreal (non-existent) nor both
What are the objections to Ramanujan’s view (all is one with parts)?
- All the parts (of the one) are the same
- obj: all finite parts don’t equal infinite - All the parts are the same
- obj: if each part is infinite then we wouldn’t need more parts - Some parts are infinite and some finite
- obj: if that’s the case than this is creator and creation not spiritual monism
What is the argument that the material world exists? And what are the reasons for the minor premise?
Argument: Something external to myself appearsto exist
Minor premise:
The cause of what I see isnot nonmaterial/ mind (it is not mymind, and not anothermind).
- Sub argument 1:
a. If the cause of what I see ismymind, then I would have total (all)control overwhat I see next.
b. I do not have total control over what I see next.
c. Therefore the cause of what I see isnot mymind.Sub argument 2:
a. If the cause of what I see isanother mind, then I would have no control overwhat I see next
b. It isnot the case that I have no control (i.e. I do have some control)overwhat I see next.
c. Therefore, the cause of what I see isnot another
What are the two forms of dualism, and what are the objections to each?
- Ordinary Duelism: mater is eternal and independent of spirit
- Obj: matter is not self-sustaining so it can’t be eternal - Dependent Duelism: matter is eternally dependent on spirit
- Obj: this would be creator & creation not duelism
What is the cumulative revised argument for God?
a. Something iseternal
b. Whatiseternal iseithermatterorspirit
c. Whatiseternal isnot matter
d. Whatiseternal isnot the individual self/spirit, which istemporal
e. Therefore,what iseternal issome otherspirit, which we call God.
What is the definition of ‘God’ in Theism?
A spirit, infinite, eternal, unchangeable in being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth
What are Hume’s five solutions and five responses to the problem of evil?
- Gods goodness is perfect but incomprehensible
- then all religion ends - To know why there is evil, I must know all
- hope not proof - More good than evil
- cannot measure amount - God is very powerful but not infinitely so
- he can create and isn’t infinitely powerful is a contradiction - No natural evil is needed
- how can you know pleasure without pain
What is the Freewill Solution to the problem of evil, and what are the objections?
Free Will Solution:
- Natural evil isdue to moral evil (assumesthat natural evil isnot
original in Theism). - Moral evil isdue to free will.
- Free will isnecessaryforhuman dignity.
Response to Free Will Solution:
- Free will makesmoral evil possible, not actual.
- If moral evil becomesactual, that doesnot make it necessary.
- Moral evil doesnot have to be possible; one can be free without
the possibilityof moral evil.
What is the definition of ‘good’ and ‘evil’ in the Ironic Solution?
Good:
Evil: failure to use reason to the fullest
What are the three main concepts in Ethics? Define each and provide examples of the second concept.
- Meta Ethics: exploresthe preconditionsfornormative and applied ethics
- Normative Ethics: includestheoriesthat pursue answersto the question: “What
oughtItodo?”
- ex: Existentialism:The good isachieved byan act of the will determining the good
independent of anyessential human nature - Applied Ethics: assumesrationallyjustified metaethical principlesand a
normativeethical theory, which maybe applied to practical ethical problemsin a
clear,critical and comprehensive manner
BONUS: Why is there moral evil and why is there natural evil in the Ironic Solution?
????
BONUS: What is the Ironic Solution?
- Because all evil in the world, I can’t see how it can be so
- Because of all unbelief in the world
- Because of all the unbelief in me
- Because I shut my eyes I can’t see God is all powerful
