Exam 5 Flashcards by maddie murphy

Route of Infection- Agent

Contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion

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Route of Infection- Reservoir

Habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself

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Route of Infection- Portal of Exit

The means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir

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Route of Infection- Mode of Transmission-

Contact, Droplet, or Airborne

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Route of Infection- Portal of Entry

Can be any body orifice or can even be through the skin

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Route of Infection- Susceptible Host

Required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection

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Who is at risk for infection

age, heredity, poor hygiene, and not wiping properly

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How to reduce the chance of infection with incontinence

change often, elevate areas of infection, sleep is when we heal, vitamin C

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Treatment for Cellulitis

antibiotics, cool wet dressings, keep cool and dry, at times, surgical interventions

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What is Cellulitis

an acute bacterial infection of the dermis

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What is risk factors for UTI

Non-modifiable- age, short urethra in women, neurogenic bladder
Modifiable- infrequent voiding, voluntarily suppressing the desire to urinate, chronic disease, sexual activity, personal hygiene

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Treatment for UTI

cultural sensitivity; takes 48 hrs, clean catch, antibiotics

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What is the difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTI

*Complicated: Much harder to treat, antibiotic needs to be very specific, higher risk of treatment failure
*Uncomplicated: Amoxicillin and go on

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Best prevention for nurses to spread infection

HAND WASHING

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Signs of infection

perliant drainage is not okay, red, swollen, warm to the touch

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Diagnostic tests for infection

cultural sensitivity, CBC- complete blood count, peak and trough- The highest concentration of the drug in the blood after a dose is known as the “peak” level, and the lowest concentration before the dose is the “trough” level

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What to monitor for when giving antibiotics

allergies and do not turn up till 5 days, rash, whelps, itchy

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What is peak trough and how to schedule

Monitored after the second or third dose to ensure the drug has reached a steady state in the body

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Treatment of group B strep during pregnancy

Group B- a bacteria that some women have, does not bother them; culture the women, treat them, then re-culture them, an antibiotic given through labor and gets to the baby in 4 hrs.

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Symptoms of fluid volume deficit

tachycardia, decreased urine output, pale, cool skin, thirsty, headache, dry mouth; older people do that have the “thirst”

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How to treat decreased levels of serum calcium

calcium supplements should be ordered with a D vitamin

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Treatment of low phosphate level

oral phosphate medication, meats, dairy, garlic, dry fruit

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Treatment for low potassium, know nl. levels chloride, sodium, potassium

Treatment for low potassium: increase potassium foods, fruits, vegetables, beans
Chloride- 96-106
Sodium- 135-145
Potassium- 3.5-4.2

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Risk factors for older person and confusion

Study These Flashcards

dehydration, infection, brain disorder, stroke, UTI

Symptoms of fluid volume excess

lungs, crackles, SOB, higher BP, JBD

Treatment of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance

IV fluids containing electrolytes to rehydrate their body,

Isotonic

normal saline

Lactated ringers

extracellular fluid only

Hypotonic

Half normal saline, cellular dehydration

Hypertonic

5% normal saline, 10% water, draws fluid out of cells

What is hypokalemia

decreased potassium in the blood

Risk factors for dehydration in child/infant

higher risk than adults, longer GI tract source of fluid loss from diarrhea, less great amount of fluid at birth, larger amount of ECF until 2 to 3 years of age * 2/3 of water lost through skin * 1/3 lost through respiratory tract

Signs of inflammation

pain, swelling, redness, heat to touch, impaired function, tachycardia, systemic

Nursing interventions for respiratory inflammation

: Monitor O2 stats, make sure to get O2, designated liters, monitor their lungs, asthma

NSAID teaching to pt

Used for inflammation, Advil, ibuprofen, increased risk for MI, stroke, kidney damage, blood clotting, liver damage, heart burn, stomach problems, ulcers, nausea

Treatment for arthritis

Advil, ibuprofen, hot and cold, lifestyle changes, PT, surgery

Inflammatory process- Incubation

an infection enters host and begins to multiply

Inflammatory process- Prodormal

the pt begins having symptoms

Inflammatory process- Acute illness

manifesations of the specific infectious disease process are obvious and may become severe

Inflammatory process- decline

manifesations begin to wane as the degree of infectious disease decreases

Inflammatory process- Convalescence

The pt returns to a normal state in the body

What does ESR rate in lab depict

Inflammation in the body

Treatment for inflammation in children

rest, ice, elevations, medication

Treatment fo rnewborn dehydration

fluids, oral hydration, breast milk

Diagnostic tests for infection

CNS, CBC, blood cultures, spinal tap

EKG changes with electrolyte problems- hyperkalemia

tall T waves, IV

Treatment for electrolyte problems

fluids and supplements

Steps for QI, define QI and how used

* Steps: 1. Plan- choose the question or problem, 2. Do- make the change and collect data, 3. Study- review and analyze the data, 4. Act- decide upon the next steps to do * Define: way to advance the practice of health care through the use of objective, measurable information. * Used: problem solving

What is the difference between CQI and QA

* CQI: Monitors improvements in care quality through continuous review * QA: These outside organizations do not directly interact with the pt but evaluate the health care performance based upon their documented data.

What is the last step of Nursing process and why it is important

Evaluation and is important to QI, checks what has worked and what has not worked

Who makes the decisions to start a plan of care

Admission nurse

What to teach clients on how to determine the validity of content obtained from health-related websites

What articles are out there that are true and what are a bunch of “junk”. Peer reviewed article

Explain what a QI looks like on the floor

handwashing, strokes, falls, MI

Reasons nurses have trouble in using EBP in community setting:

Slower getting out there because a lack of understanding

Primary purpose of root cause analysis

analysis underlying causes of an issue, why these things are happening

Know different types of research studies

qualitative- measure of quality, disruptive type of research: you observe and describe things

Barriers that affect implementation of EBP

not taking the meds like they need to, not doing the things they need to do, lack of resources

Gold standard of evidence gathering in EBP

randomized clinical trials

Exam 5 Flashcards

(58 cards)