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Examcompass Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What layer do Hubs and Repeaters operate at?

A

Layer 1 (Physical)

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2
Q

What layer is responsible for opening, closing, and maintaining connections

A

Layer 5 (Session)

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3
Q

Where does Authentication and Authorization take place?

A

Layer 5 (Session)

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4
Q

Where does data format translation, compression, and encryption/decryption take place.

A

Layer 6 (Presentation)

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5
Q

Layer 2 PDU

A

Frame

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6
Q

Layer 3 PDU

A

Packet

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7
Q

UDP PDU

A

Datagram

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8
Q

TCP PDU

A

Segment

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9
Q

This layer adds header info for Destination Port, Source Port, Sequence Number, and Error Correction

A

Layer 4 (Transport)

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10
Q

This layer adds header info for Source and Destination IP address

A

Layer 3 (Network)

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11
Q

Three Way Handshake

A

1.SYN
2. SYN/ACK
3. ACK

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12
Q

MPLS

A
  1. Labels are “pushed” onto packets on the way in and “popped” off on the way out

2.Supports IP Packets and Ethernet Frames

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13
Q

mGRE

A
  1. Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation
  2. Dynamic / On demand connection (Mesh VPN)
  3. Remote sites communicate directly to each other.
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14
Q

SD-WAN

A
  1. Communicates directly to the cloud
  2. Application Centric
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15
Q

Which technology uses telephone lines / Copper

A

DSL Broadband

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16
Q

Which technology uses cable television / coaxial

A

Cable Broadband

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17
Q

This provides businesses with a dedicated, point to point, always on connection. (WAN Link)

A

Leased Line

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18
Q

This technology replaces physical hardware with virtual hardware

A

NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)

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19
Q

NAS

A
  1. Network Attached Storage
  2. File level access (Change the whole file)
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20
Q

SAN

A
  1. Storage Area Network
  2. Block level access
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21
Q

RG-6

A
  1. Coaxial
  2. Long cable runs
  3. Cable/Satellite television, cable modems
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22
Q

RG-59

A
  1. Coaxial
  2. Short cable runs
  3. CCTV / Analog video
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23
Q

Straight Through Cable

A
  1. Most common cable
  2. Same wiring standard in both sides
  3. Connect two dissimilar devices
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24
Q

Crossover Cable

A
  1. Pin 1 to Pin 3
    Pin 2 to pin 6
  2. Reverses transmit + receive signal
  3. Connect two similar devices
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25
What fiber uses LED as a light source
Multi mode
26
What fiber uses Lasers as a light source
Single mode
27
Multi mode distance
Up to 2 km
28
Single mode distance
Up to 100 km
29
This technology was replaced by SFP
GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter)
30
This technology allows multiple signals to travel over a single strand of fiber
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
31
Up to 4 signals on one strand of fiber
CWDM
32
Up to 160 signals on one strand of fiber
DWDM
33
This connector is used with cable television + modems
F-Type Connector
34
How are IP addresses expressed? 1. Hexadecimal 2. Decimal 3. Binary
Decimal
35
RFC 1918
Describes the concept of private IP addressing
36
What is WDM?
WDM is Wave Division Multiplexing and it allows multiple signals to travel over the same strand of fiber
37
What is CWDM?
CWDM is Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing. It allows 4 different carriers at 4 different wavelengths
38
What is DWDM
DWDM is Dense Wave Division Multiplexing. It allows up to 160 signals on one strand of fiber!
39
IPv6 Local Range
FE80::/10 - FEBF::/10
40
IPv6 Loop Back
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1or ::1
41
What is VLSM?
VLSM is Variable Length Subnet Mask. It allows networks to be divided into subnets of different sizes, not the same.
42
Class A Network
0.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255 Private (Non routable)
43
Class B Network
127.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 Private (Non routable)
44
Class C Network
192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Private (Non routable)
45
Class D Network
224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Used for Multicasts
46
Class E Network
240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 Used for research purposes
47
Teredo
IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanism with native NAT support Allows IPv6 hosts to communicate over IPv4 internet without a native connection to an IPv6 network
48
Miredo
Teredo tunneling software
49
NDP
Neighbor Discover Protocol Allows IPv6 routers to advertise their presence
50
SLAAC
Stateless Address Auto configuration APIPA for IPv6
51
SMTP
- TCP Port 25 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Allows transfer of email between servers - Allows client to send email to other people over the internet
52
TFTP
- UDP Port 69 - Trivial FTP - File transfer between two TCP/IP devices - No security
53
POP3
- TCP Port 110 - Allows the retrieval of mail from mail servers
54
IMAP4
- TCP Port 143 - Replaces POP3
55
SMB
- TCP Port 445 - Used to share files, directories, and devices over a windows network
56
Secure IMAP
- TCP Port 993 - SSL/TLS
57
POP3S
- TCP Port 995 - SSL/TLS
58
SQL Server
- Port 1433
59
SQLnet
- Port 1521
60
MySQL
- Port 3306
61
SIP
- TCP/UDP 5060 + 5061 - Session Initiation Protocol - Manages real-time sessions involving voice, video, application sharing, and instant messaging.
62
SFTP
- TCP Port 22 - Secure FTP - Extension of the SSH protocol
63
SNMP
- Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMP Agent receives requests on UDP Port 161 - SNMP Management Station gets notifications on UDP Port 162
64
MX Record
Mail Server (Record)
65
SOA Record
- Start of Authority - Stores administrative info about a domain or zone
66
A Record
Resolves a hostname to an IPv4 address
67
AAAA Record
Resolves a hostname to an IPv6 address
68
PTR Record
- Resolves an IP address to a hostname - Used in reverse lookups - Functionally opposite of A records
69
TXT Records
- Not used to direct traffic - Provides outside services with info about the domain
70
SRV Record
- Specifies a host + port number - Used to find a specific service on a network
71
NS Record
- Name Server - Specifies a list of additional Name Servers in a domain
72
DNS Hierarchy
- ROOT - 1st Level Domain (.com) - 2nd Level Domain (Google.com) - Subdomain (Mail.Google.com) - Host / Resource Name (Server1.Mail.Google.com)
73
Forward Lookup
Returns an IP address from a Domain Name
74
Reverse Lookup
Returns a Domain Name from an IP address
75
Iterative + Recursive Lookup
Happens when an IP address is not in the cache and you need to contact the ROOT server
76
Iterative Lookup
- Every request originates from the client - Resolving DNS server refers client to the ROOT server
77
Recursive Lookup
- Resolving Name Server makes requests on the clients behalf - Shortens the amount of time needed to resolve requests
78
IaC
- Infrastructure as Code - Auto deployment + config of hardware using code
79
RIP
- Routing Info Protocol - Distance Vector routing protocol - Interior Gateway - Does not support VLSM
80
EIGRP
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - Distance Vector routing protocol - Used in CISCO devices - Interior Gateway
81
OSPF
- Open Shortest Path First - Link State routing protocol - Interior Gateway - Supports VLSM
82
BGP
- Border Gateway Protocl - Hybrid routing protocol - External Gateway
83
LACP
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol - Combines several physical ports on a switch into one logical channel
84
POE
802.11af
85
POE+
802.11at
86
ARP
- Address Resolution Protocol - IP to MAC resolution
87
AUP
Acceptable Use Policy
88
DLP
Data Loss Prevention
89
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
90
Giant VS Jumbo Frame
- A Giant Frame is too large for the receiving interface, the frame is dropped - A Jumbo Frame is larger than the standard allows
91
Runt Frame
A frame smaller than 64 bytes (minimum frame size)
92
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure
93
Cold Site
- Supplies physical space for your equipment in the event of a disaster - Has HVAC, Network, and Power capabilities
94
Warm Site
- Has network equipment at the ready but needs the original data to be transferred to it
95
Hot Site
A fully functional backup of your site with all important data mirrored to it
96
FHRP
- First Hop Redundancy Protocol - Multiple routers are configured with the same IP address (default gateway) in the event one goes down.
97
VRRP
- Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
98
Screened Subnet
A lightly protected subnet outside of the networks firewall
99
802.1x
- Port based security - Can’t access network until authenticated
100
TACACS+ vs RADIUS
RADIUS is mainly a network access protocol while TACACS+ is used for administering devices such as switches and routers
101
TACACS+
- Device administration - Full Packet Encryption - Separates authentication and authorization - Created by Cisco
102
RADIUS
- Network Access - Encrypts only the password in the access request packet - Combines authentication and authorization
103
KERBEROS
- Each user assigned a cryptographic key - Authenticate once, trusted by the entire system - Mutual Authentication: Client and Server authenticate with each other - Uses NTP to confirm timestamps of the KERBEROS server and client
104
DoS
- Denial of Service - Resource exhaustion is the goal
105
DNS Poisoning
- MITM attack - Modify the domain name to a rogue IP address
106
DHCP Snooping
- Security feature that acts as a firewall between DHCP and an untrusted host
107
RA Guard
- Router Advertisement Guard - Block or reject unwanted/rogue IPv6 RAs
108
Port Isolation
- Create private VLANS - Device can’t communicate with other devices in the same switch and/or VLAN - Devices connected to the ports cannot directly communicate with each other
109
Straight Through / Patch Cable
- Connect workstations to network devices
110
Crossover Cable
Connect two devices of the same type (PC to PC)
111
Rollover Cable
Connect a computer terminal to a routers console port
112
EMI Shielding
Protects data from outside interference and eavesdropping
113
STP Shielding
Protects data from crosstalk and EMI
114
dB
- Measures signal strength - The lower the better
115
Spectrum Analyzer
- Diagnostic tool that measures the strength of a wireless signal
116
Snips
Used for evening out the wires at the end of a cable
117
Packet Sniffer / Protocol Analyzer
Monitors and examines the contents of network traffic
118
iPerf
Measures the maximum achievable bandwidth of an IP network
119
PathPing
Combines ping and tracert
120
Netstat
Check network statistics
121
Netstat -r /routeprint
Displays the contents of the routing table
122
Netstat -b
Displays the names of applications that are accessing the network
123
tcpdump
Command line packet capture utility
124
RSSI
- Received Signal Strength Indication - Measures how well a device can “hear” an AP
125
EIRP
- Effective Isotropic Radiated Power - Measure the output of an antenna
126
CSMA/CA
- Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collison Avoidance - Wireless Networks
127
CSMA/CD
- Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection - Wired Networks
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