exception tuple args
e.args
what str on exception object return
e.args[-1]
atribute for original exception if error occurs in the except block
__context__
how to make explicit chain error
raise MyException from e
which attribute is using for assosiation with error
__cause__
attribute which contains a refrence of traceback object
__traceback__
print traceback object
traceback.print_tb(e.__traceback__)
make assertion
assert condition [, message]
python flag to ignore assertions
-O