twenty-second amendment
1limited president to two terms
twenty fifth amendment
permits the vice president to take over for the president if they’re unable to serve
impeachment
- political equivalent of an indictment
- House may impeach a president with a majority vote on the charge of “treason, bribery, and other high crimes or misdemeanors”
Watergate
Nixon scandal with Watergate Hotel
executive orders
regulations originating in the executive branch
cabinet
- presidential advisors
- not mentioned in Consitution
- 14 secretaries, attorney general, and other positions
national security council
- links the president’s foreign and military policy advisors
- formal members are the president, vice president, secretary of state, secretary of defense, and national security assistant
Council of Economic Advisors
- three-member body appointed president
- advise president on economic policy
Office of Management and Budget
- prepares president’s budget
- advises proposals from departments and agencies to help review their proposed regulations
veto
- presidential power to send a bill back to Congress with reason for rejection
- can be overridden with a 2/3 vote in both Houses
pocket veto
- a veto when the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing it nor veteoing it
War Powers Resolution
- passed in 1973, in reaction to American fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia
- requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension
- presidents have viewed the resolution as unconstitutional.
legislative veto
- a vote in Congress to override the Presidential decision
- Although the War Powers Resolution asserts this authority, there is reason to believe that, if challenged, the Supreme Court would find the legislative veto in violation of the doctrine of separation of powers
crisis
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager.
What were the founding fathers scared of?
dictatorship and the common man’s accessibility to the government
Jacksonian Era
- created white man’s democracy (opened up the vote to the common white man)
- used executive power boldly
Lincoln Era
- dismantled slavery nationally through legislative means
- used presidential power boldly: suspension of habeas corpus, prosecuted war, harsh penalties to enemies of Union
13 Amendment was special because?
It was the first time a president had sponsored an amendment
Roosevelt Era:
- president of the people: very personable and had a strong media presence
FDR first term
- lead during Great Depression
- valued communication with American people and kept them informed
- New Deal: strong welfare state
- public polling
FDR second term
- bold moves during GB-passed a ton of legislation
- many believed he overstepped his boundaries
idea of popular mandate
the concept of legitimacy through popular support, presidents use this to get stuff done
