Exercise 101

Question 1

Common goal of PT and exercise

Answer 1

bring improvements in strength and aerobic capacity, flexibility, and improved functional capacity

Question 2

Aerobic exercise / reconditioning

Answer 2

• enhanced pulmonary performance
• enhanced cardiac performance
• enhanced blood flow
• enhanced ability of tissue to extract and utilize delivered O2

Question 3

What measure is used as an indirect assessment of aerobic capacity?

Answer 3

VO2 max

Question 4

Reaching VO

Answer 4

1. RER > 1.15
2. Leveling off O2 consumption despite increased workload
3. elevated lactate levels
4. achievement of age predicted HR max

Question 5

What is the gold standard for determining cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 5

VO2 max

Question 6

VO2 max, or max oxygen consumption, refers to

Answer 6

maximum amount of O2 that an individual can utilize during intense or max exercise

Question 7

Factors that influence VO2 max

Answer 7

1. Gender
2, Family Hx
3. Age
4. Body composition
5. Training status
6. Altitude

Question 8

Tests used for assessing submax exercise capacity

Answer 8

1. 6 min walk test
2. Fixed Work Load Tests
3. Submaximal Treadmill Test
4. Step Test
5. Cycling tests
6. Duke Activity Scale
7. Grodin Leisure Time Questionnaire
8. Wearables

Question 9

What test for submax exercise uses paper and pencil

Answer 9

Duke Activity Scale

Question 10

Estimating VO2 peak

Answer 10

1. describe max aerobic capacity / max fitness status of an individual
2. use it to write exercise prescription
3. use it to demonstrate improvement in exercise capacity associated w/reconditioning
4. develop treatment goals

Question 11

Physical benefits of CV exercise

Answer 11

1, reduce body fat

2. increase aerobic capacity
3. increase lung volume
4. reduces demands on the heart
5. lowers BP
6. reduces RF for many diseases

Question 12

Mental benefits of CV exercise

Answer 12

1. reduces anxiety

2. improves mild-mod depression, self esteem, and mood

Question 13

1 MET = __ ml/kg/min

Answer 13

3.5

Question 14

Anaerobic Fitness:

Determinants of Str

Answer 14

1. # of motor units recruited
2. Frequency of motor unit firing
3. Quality of motor unit synchronization
4. Muscle Fiber Type
5. Cross sectional area and Str

Question 15

Assessments for anaerobic fitness

Answer 15

1. MMT
2. 1 rep max
3. 8-10 rep max test
4. Hand held dynamometer
5. Isokinetic testing
6. Power testing (wingate, stair tests)

Question 16

Benefits of improved anaerobic capacity

Answer 16

1. talk about increased str
2. greater balance/reduced fall risk
3. muscle str associated w/physical function in older adults

Question 17

Muscle decline associated with aging:

Sarcopenia

Answer 17

1. muscle decline associated with aging
2. Reduced muscle mass (usually type II)
3. Can be helped with str training

Question 18

Muscle decline associated with aging:

Reduction in capillary blood supply

Answer 18

can be helped with endurance training

Question 19

Muscle decline associated with aging:

Fewer satellite cells

Answer 19

Increased myostatin production

Question 20

How common is frailty

Answer 20

10% in those over 65

50% in those over 85

Question 21

Strength Considerations for Frailty

Answer 21

> 5 sec to walk 4 m or 4.57 > 15 ft.

> 270 kcal per week of activity

Question 22

Frailty criteria

Answer 22

1. increased physical disability
2. worsening mobility
3. increased risk for morbidity and mortality
4. increased risk for falls
5. increased risk for hospital stays

Question 23

How many criteria is considered prefrail?

Answer 23

1-2

Question 24

How many criteria is considered frail?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Carolina Frailty Index

Answer 25

- includes ADL and physical function questions | - predictive of all cause mortality in older adults with cancer

Question 26

Power

Answer 26

amount of work produced over time Power = force x velocity

Question 27

T/F: Power is more important than strength for performing ADLS with frail nursing home residents

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Tests to measure Power

Answer 28

1. peak cycling test 2. stair climb test 3. 30 sec repeated sit to stand

Question 29

Stair Climbing Power Test

Answer 29

Determine time required to climb 10 stairs as quickly and safely as possible

Question 30

Acute CV response to exercise

Answer 30

- increased HR - increased CO - increased SV - increased SP and MAP - decreased (or no change) DP - decreased total peripheral resistance

Question 31

If SP fails to increase or drops below resting levels:

Answer 31

stop exercise

Question 32

If DP increases more than 10 mmHg

Answer 32

reevaluate