Exercise 21: Human Reflex

Question 0

A neural pathway

Answer 0

Reflex arc

Question 1

• A rapid predictable response that occurs in response to a stimulus
• Involuntary
• Happens over a reflex arc (a neural pathway)

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

Answer 2

• Receptor
• Sensory neuron
• Integration center
• Motor neuron
• Effector

Question 3

Site of stimulus action

Answer 3

Receptor

Question 4

Brings afferent impulses towards CNS

Answer 4

Sensory neuron

Question 5

Consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

Answer 5

Integration center

Question 6

Conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector organ

Answer 6

Motor neuron

Question 7

Muscle fibers or glands; responds to efferent impulses (contracting or secreting)

Answer 7

Effector

Question 8

A type of reflex that has a single synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 8

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 9

A type of reflex that has two or more synapses

Answer 9

Polysynaptic reflex

Question 10

Reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles by somatic division of the nervous system

(Ex: moving your hand from a hot pot)

Answer 10

Somatic reflexes

Question 11

3 types of somatic reflexes

Answer 11

1. Stretch reflex
2. Crossed-extensor reflex
3. Superficial cord reflex

Question 12

Important postural reflexes to maintain posture, balance, and movement

Answer 12

Stretch reflex

Question 13

A stretch reflex is initiated by tapping a ____ which stretches the ____ to which it’s attached.

Answer 13

1. Tendon

2. Muscle

Question 14

Stretch reflexes are absent in ____ ____ and ____.

Answer 14

1. Deep sedation

2. Coma

Question 15

2 types of stretch reflexes

Answer 15

1. Patellar reflex

2. Achilles reflex

Question 16

Consists of a flexor, or withdrawal, reflex followed by extension of the opposite limb

(Ex: when you flex one leg and the other leg extends and becomes firm while standing)

Answer 16

Crossed-extensor reflex

Question 17

Reflexes that result from pain and temperature changes

Answer 17

Superficial cord reflexes

Question 18

3 types of superficial cord reflexes

Answer 18

1. Abdominal
2. Cremaster
3. Plantar

Question 19

Superficial cord reflexes are initiated by stimulation of receptors in the ____ and ____.

Answer 19

1. Skin

2. Mucosae

Question 20

Superficial cord reflexes depend both on these 2 things

Answer 20

1. Functional upper-motor pathways

2. Cord-level reflex arc

Question 21

Tested by looking for Babinski’s sign by stimulation of the foot

Answer 21

Plantar reflex

Question 22

2 types of cranial nerve reflex tests

Answer 22

1. Corneal reflex

2. Gag reflex

Question 23

A reflex tested by using a cotton tip applicator and touching the cornea with it to notice blinking

Answer 23

Corneal reflex

Question 24

The corneal reflex is done through the ____ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ____.

Answer 24

1. Trigeminal | 2. V

Question 25

The absence of the corneal reflex correlates to ____ ____ damage due to ____ ____ or ____.

Answer 25

1. Brain stem 2. Brain compression 3. Trauma

Question 26

In this reflex, when the uvula is stroked, each side of the mucosa should rise equally

Answer 26

Gag reflex

Question 27

The gag reflex tests cranial nerves ____ and ____.

Answer 27

1. IX | 2. X

Question 28

Reflexes that occur through the ANS; we are not usually aware of them

Answer 28

Autonomic reflexes

Question 29

3 parts of the body that autonomic reflexes activate

Answer 29

1. Smooth muscles 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Glands of the body

Question 30

Autonomic reflexes also help with regulating ____ ____.

Answer 30

Body functions

Question 32

A reflex that allows the iris to constrict when light is shined into the eye

Answer 32

Pupillary reflex

Question 33

Pupillary reflexes involve these cranial nerves

Answer 33

II and III

Question 34

In a pupillary reflex, if you shine a light into one eye, the other eye also constricts. This is called a ____ ____.

Answer 34

Contralateral response

Question 35

A reflex which involves gently stroking or pinching the skin (or just the hairs) on the left side of the back of the subject's neck close to the hairline

Answer 35

Ciliospinal reflex

Question 36

In a ciliospinal reflex, you should see ____ ____ on the ____ eye. This is due to a ____ nervous system stimulation.

Answer 36

1. Pupillary dilation 2. Left 3. Sympathetic

Question 39

2 types of autonomic reflexes

Answer 39

1. Pupillary reflex | 2. Ciliospinal reflex