Exercise Epidemiology

Question 1

What were the main limits of human performance discovered during WWI

Answer 1

• Exposure (Cold/heat)
• Fatigue and exhaustion
• Nutrition

Question 2

How did Psychology and physiology first get invetigated

Answer 2

• For work purposes by the harvard business school
• Occurred after many workplace deaths/ accidents
• Looked at effects of fatigue, lighting, and temperature on worker productivity

Question 3

London transport workers study

Answer 3

• 1949 - 1952 compared rates of heart disease in bus drivers vs ticket takers in London
• Homogenous groups (same work environment, hours, pay but different levels of activity)
• Drivers had significantly higher incidence of heart disease compared to ticket takers
• ticket takers had more mild forms of heart disease
• findings confirmed in other occupations

Question 4

Physical activity

Answer 4

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that expands energy beyond resting levels

Question 5

Metabolic Equivalents

Answer 5

1 MET = energy expended @ rest
- 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2/kg/min

Question 6

Exercise

Answer 6

Leisure time physical activity that is planned, structured, and repeated over time

Question 7

What are some benefits of physical activity

Answer 7

• Helps maintain a healthy body weight
• lowers blood pressure
• decrease the risk of heart disease
• lowers risk of type 2 diabetes
• reduced the risk of certain cancers
• increases muscle strength and function
• improves bone health and strength
• helps to promote positive mental health
• reduces the risk of dementia

Question 8

What is all cause mortality

Answer 8

The death rate in the population over a period of time

Question 9

What do meta analysis tell us about physical activity and mortality risk

Answer 9

Decreased risk meaning improved health

Question 10

Physical activity guidelines and reasoning

Answer 10

150 minutes MVPA
- originally thought to have to occur in at least 10 minute bouts - doesn’t matter
- after that diminishing returns

Question 11

How many people globally don’t meet PA guidelines

Answer 11

1 in 4 adults

Question 12

How many deaths per year could be avoided by increasing PA to guidelines

Answer 12

up to 5 million

Question 13

What is the percentage increased risk of death for those who are insufficiently active relative to those who are active

Answer 13

20-30%

Question 14

What percentage of the world’s adolescent population is insufficiently PA

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

What percentage of men world wide don’t meet the guidelines

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

What percentage of women world wide don’t meet the guidelines

Answer 16

33%

Question 17

How does income level relate to inactivity level

Answer 17

Levels of inactivity are twice as high in high-income countries compared to low-income countries

Question 18

How can physical activity vary

Answer 18

• Mode
• Frequency
• Duration
• Intensity

Question 19

What are the 3 main approaches to measure PA/exercise

Answer 19

1. Subjective measures
2. Objective measures
3. Observations

Question 20

Self-Report/Survey

Answer 20

• Log
• physical activity questionaries
• subjective measure

Question 21

Examples of objective measures

Answer 21

• Heart rate monitor
• pedometer
• VO2 measurements
• GPS/ Fitness apps
• Accelerometer “gold standard”