Experiments

Question 1

Social Experiment

Answer 1

Take human subjects, do something to them, and observe the effects of what you did to them

Question 2

Great question of causation

Answer 2

Manipulation of independent variable, changes in DV and IV must be connected, change in DV

Question 3

IV

Answer 3

any observation controlled by researcher

Question 4

DV

Answer 4

observations not directly controlled by researcher, but attributable to IV

Question 5

Observation (O)

Answer 5

written, spoken, or observed behavior/attitude

Question 6

Induction (X)

Answer 6

what is done to participant

Question 7

Random Assignment (R)

Answer 7

participants have equal chance of being assigned to experimental groups

Question 8

Experimental groups

Answer 8

experiences experimental treatment

Question 9

control

Answer 9

group that is compared to experimental group, not exposed to IV

Question 10

between subjects/within subjects

Answer 10

multiple groups against each other

Question 11

pretest/posttest

Answer 11

test before and after to see if things changed

Question 12

Comparison group

Answer 12

group that is exposed to manipulated levels of the independent variables

Question 13

Pre-experimental designs

Answer 13

lack one of the three elements we listed previously; comparison and control groups, random assignment of participants to groups, and/or pretests and posttests

Question 14

one-shot case study

Answer 14

a design where some manipulation of the independent variable occurs and after the manipulation, the measurement of the dependent variable is taken

Question 15

one-group pretest posttest design

Answer 15

adds the element of a pretest to the one-shot case study

Question 16

time-series design

Answer 16

measures the dependent variable at various points of time before and after the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 17

nonequivalent control group design

Answer 17

two-groups - a control and comparison group, both are given pre and post test, but only comparison group is exposed to IV

Question 18

Which type of experiment does random assignments?

Answer 18

True experimental designs

Question 19

pre and posttest control group design

Answer 19

uses pre and posttests, comparison and control groups, and random assignments to assess the effects of an IV on a DV

Question 20

Posttest only

Answer 20

random assignment, posttests, comparison and control groups

Question 21

Solomon Four-group design

Answer 21

contains two extra control groups, compariso groups, random assignments, two pretests, and four posttests, most sophisticated design in experimental designs

Question 22

time progression effects

Answer 22

factors that act like separate iV as causes or efects because an experiment deos take place during a period of time

Question 23

HIstory

Answer 23

refers to an event that happens during the experiment that is outside of the study but may affect the outcome of the study

Question 24

Instrumentation

Answer 24

when the instrument is changed during the course of the experiment

Question 25

Maturation

Answer 25

naturally occuring process in experiments, the way people develop

Question 26

Mortality

Answer 26

the simple fact that some participants will start an experiment but not finish

Question 27

Statistical regression

Answer 27

when your sample includes participants who represent the extremes of the DV

Question 28

Testing effect

Answer 28

more likely to happen when participants complete a pretest and a posttest, they should get more ansers because they have alreay taken that exact test

Question 29

reactivity effects

Answer 29

a set of threats to an experiments validity that center on participants responses to the design of an experimento

Question 30

compensation behavior

Answer 30

a threat to validity when the control group finds the comparions group is being treated differently than they are

Question 31

demand knowledge

Answer 31

a threat to a study becayse you ay not want to participants to know the goals of the study, they may screw anwsers if they know reason for study

Question 32

experiment apprehension

Answer 32

when participants are nervous or excited about participating in an experiment

Question 33

Researcher attributes

Answer 33

personal characteristics of the researchers that can affect the data collectio process

Question 34

selection

Answer 34

happens when a reseacher is unable to randomly assign participants into comparison or control groups