mass is measured with
electric balance
advantages and disadvantages of measing cylinder
fast and quick
not accurate
advantages and disadvantages of pipette
measures very accurately
harder to use and measures one fixed volume
advantages and disadvantages of burette
measures very accurately
Pure substances
consists only of one element or compound
mixtures
two or more different substances not chemically joint together
method of separation of solid + solid
density, solubility, sublimation, magnetism
method of separation of suspension of solid in liquid
filtration or centrifugation
method of separation of liquid + liquid
seperating funnel or decantation
method of separation of solution of solid and liquid
to obtain solid: evaporation (crystallization)
to obtain liquid: distillation
method of separation of two or more liquids
fractional distillation
method of separation of solution of two or more solution in a liquid
chromatography
solvent:
substance that dissolves a solute
solute:
substance that is dissolved in a solvent
solution:
mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent
filtration method:
- filter paper is placed in a filter funnel above another beaker
- mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel
- filter paper will only allow small liquid particles to pass through as the filtrate
-solid particles are too large to pass through the filter paper so will stay behind as a residue
crystallisation
- heat solution until crystallization point
- the saturated solution is allowed to cool slowly
- filter the solution to separate the crystals
- wash the crystals with distilled water
- dyr teh crystals using filter paper or using a warm oven
saturated solution
no more solute can be dissolved at a pecific temperature
how to check crystallization point
by dipping a clean dry cold glass rod into the solution if the solution is saturated crystals will form on the glass rod
fractional distillation is used to
separate components of crude oil
separate the gases from liquid air
paper chromatography
separate mixtures of soluble colourless substances using a suitable solvent and a location agent
what is chromatography used for
separate substances that have different solubility in a given solvent
