What are the two explanations of forgetting?
- Interference
- Retrieval Failure
What are the two types of interference?
- Proactive interference
- Retroactive Interference
Explain proactive interference
Forgetting occurs when old memories interfere with new memories
Explain retroactive interference
Forgetting occurs when new memories interfere with old memories
What increases degree of forgetting for both types of interference?
Similar memories
What is retrieval failure?
A form of forgetting which occurs when there is an absence of cues - the memory is still available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided
Which principle did Tulving create?
The Encoding-Specificity Principle
What does the encoding-specificity principle state?
For cues to help us remember info, they must be present at the time of encoding (when we learn material) and at retrieval (when we forget material)
What are the two types of forgetting?
- Context-Dependent
- State-Dependent
What is context-dependent forgetting?
- External cues which recreate the context of where we were at the time of encoding
- Godden+Baddeley
- Scuba Diving
What is state-dependent forgetting?
- Internal cues which recreate the state of mind (how we felt) during time of encoding
- Carter and Cassidy
- Ant-Histimine
