1
Q
factors determining strength of secondary reinforcer
A
- magnitude of primary reinforcer
- number of pairings between primary and secondary reinforcer
- time between primary and secondary reinforcer
2
Q
positive contrast effect
A
experience with a low reward heightens the influence of a high reward
3
Q
negative contrast effect
A
experience with a high reward lowens the influence of a low reward magnitude
4
Q
occasion setting
A
S signals that R-O is valid
5
Q
explanation PREE
A
- More difficult to sense differences between rewarded and non-rewarded phases
- memory of frustration elicited by nonreward gets associated with reinforcement of next response
6
Q
conditions in which positive punishment is effective
A
- intensity
- temporal relationship between R and punishment
- contingency between R and punishment
- presence of unwanted side-effects
- presence of simultaneously present rewards
- stimulus control
7
Q
disadvantages positive punishment
A
- occurence of aggression and fear
- chance of immitation of aggressive behavior
- unwanted generalization of effect of punishment
- development of learned helplessness
8
Q
response competition
A
punisher decreases likelihood of a target behavior, because it competes with other possible responses
9
Q
A
