1
Q
- current status of health care:
- we’re spending a lot on health care but it’s not improving …, costs are incredibly high, too many people are … and/or avoid visiting physicians bc of the high cost, … and … is high
A
patient outcomes;
uninsured;
maternal death rates;
infant mortality
2
Q
Some healthcare problems in America and solutions
- shortage of primary care physicians - create … - higher … for primary care physicians, reduce … for medical school or have programs that … for medical students that end up in primary care residencies
A
incentives;
pay;
tuition costs;
forgive loans
3
Q
Some healthcare problems in America and solutions
- lack of access to care - this really would entail social reform on many levels; combatting …, making … options readily available, stricter demands on … to sell quality products, perhaps raising … although this could just result in higher prices for things, make … more accessible for marginalized communities
- malpractice - talk about CARE or whatever
A
discrimination;
healthier food;
food products;
minimum wage;
education
4
Q
Future of HMOs:
- HMOs offer lower … and lower …
- even though it’s restrictive, I think that the fact that it’s … means that we’ll see a lot of growth in HMO insurance, esp given that most Americans get insurance through their employers and employers are more inclined to choose cheaper options
- Also I read an article that was talking about how HMOs may grow after COVID, as providers will probably move away from … plans to prevent loss of profit in the case of another health catastrophe like COVID
A
monthly premiums;
out-of-pocket costs;
cheaper;
fee-for-service;
5
Q
Managed Care and How to improve it:
- cons of managed care:
- difficult for those who are uninsured to have access to care if they are living in a system with managed care
- you don’t really have as much freedom as a patient to … your provider in this system
- difficulties in authorizing … and other treatments bc the focus is on profit rather than on the patient
- “This is a fundamental tension with managed care. Allow physicians to practice medicine as they like, they typically provide high quality care but are less concerned with … Allow insurers to dictate care from on high, costs decrease but care becomes bureaucratic and … can suffer”
A
choose;
referrals;
cost;
quality
6
Q
Managed Care and How to improve it:
- cons:
- limits the amount of … physicians have with each patient
- physicians have to … under these systems or else they’re penalized financially
- creates a system that encourages physicians to view patients as sources of income rather than as people to be helped
- improve
- maybe get rid of mandated … and …, but then that would impact providers’ incomes, so I’m not sure that it would really have an impact
A
time;
see a certain number of patients;
quotas;
time limits
7
Q
Managed Care and How to improve it:
- improve
- instead of having time limits per patient, maybe change it so that there’s a … per day that the provider can’t exceed for patients under the managed care system. So that way, the provider can allocate time according to the … of the case. If it’s a simple checkup, for instance, they can spend 10 mins with the patient. FOr a more complex case, it can be 20. This would mostly be practical though in a private practice that has appointments set, if the physician knows the … before seeing patients.
A
total amount of time;
severity;
chief complaints
8
Q
for MPH:
- basically, you’re analyzing the …, both social and physical and behavioral, and seeing how different components impact people’s … in that area. also focusing on … the community and promoting healthier practices
A
environment;
health;
educating
9
Q
problems health care will face in the future:
- talk about … and dealing with the … of care that will come with that. how do we make these treatments available to everyone
- not necessarily a future problem but just the … and perpetuation of … of health care professionals and modern medicine that’s spreading through social media
- address this by actually listen to the concerns being presented and taking them into consideration in terms of mistrust
- for mass misinformation, we combat it with …
A
pharmacogenomics;
increased cost;
misinformaiton;
mistrust;
education
10
Q
problems health care will face in the future:
- as we address the issues related to access to health care and the amount of uninsured people in America, we’re going to face the subsequent problem of having so many patients but the same amount of … This is esp problematic when we consider the … in the US right now. this partly needs to be addressed by encouraging more med students to enter primary care, but also by implementing tech like … to help save physicians’ time with things like …
A
providers;
shortage of primary care physicians;
artificial intelligence;
data entry
11
Q
problems health care will face in the future:
- as we shift to a growth of tech in medicine, esp with telehealth growing bc of COVID, … concerns are definitely going to continue being a huge focus
A
privacy
12
Q
What does the US do well in terms of providing health care:
- in terms of … and …, the US does pretty great
- our standards for … and … really promotes quality, which is incredibly important
A
medical tech; diagnostic equipment;
medical ed; medical research
13
Q
What does the US do well in terms of providing health care:
- we don’t have incredibly … to see specialists like there is in many other nations, so that’s definitely a huge advantage
- we do well in terms of treatment for many illnesses that impact people in the developed world, like … and …
- US healthcare really is quite great and effective, the main issues in my opinion really focus on access and cost of health care
A
long wait times;
cancer;
heart attacks
14
Q
Stem cell research controvesy:
- similar to debate about …
- people who oppose stem cell research, particularly embryonic stem cell research, feel as though it necessitates … and view it as immoral bc of that.
- others disagree that the … can be classified as a child at that point.
- but then there’s the argument that this type of research can save so many lives. So it really is a debate that has a lot of religious and moral implications
A
abortion;
killing an unborn child;
blastula
15
Q
How do you deal with patients if managed care only allowed you 15 min per patient:
- focus on … the things about their health that really need to be addressed. So, before seeing my patient, I would want to review their … and their .. and other relevant information, see what things are most concerning and most urgent and focus the discussion on those aspects, but also try to leave some time for my patient to talk about what’s … them the most. Essentially, I would be really emphasizing preparing before seeing my patient, as much as I could ofc, bc high patient volumes can interfere with that
A
prioritizing;
chief complaint;
history;
concerning
16
Q
What trends in the med field interest you most and why:
- the integration of … in medicine, including telehealth and the integration of AI
- this is something that would definitely have a huge impact on what my career will look like and I think it’s really going to change what it looks like to practice as a physician. We’re going to need to adapt to the challenges that telehealth presents. You can’t palpate through a screen, for instance, and there’s some cues that might be missed online. Also, maintaining … with so much being online is definitely important
- Trends in … regarding health care, as well. I am really interested in seeing how President Biden will expand upon and reinforce Obamacare and I’m interested in seeing if we’re going to continue moving towards a system that’s more reminiscent of universal health care. This is something that’s really important to me because access of care is something that I personally want to help improve and politics plays a huge role in that.
A
tech;
privacy;
policy
17
Q
What trends in the med field interest you most and why:
- the introduction of … and how this will impact cost of care. I think this type of pharmaceutical technology is incredible and has the capacity to revolutionize care, but the issue is how do we contend with the costs that this represents.
- In general, the … of health care
A
pharmacogenomics;
rising costs
18
Q
Is it ever appropriate to breach patient confidentiality? Under what circumstances?
- in cases of … or …/…, …, etc
- when the patient will … themselves or other people
A
child;
elder abuse/neglect;
domestic violence;
harm
19
Q
If a patient mentioned having suicidal thoughts, what would you do?
- definitely begin by … and extending empathy.
- In these situations, … to the patient and not … their emotions is incredibly important, while still being encouraging.
- I would also definitely reach out to any necessary resources to help the patient, like …, …, etc. I would want to make sure that my patient has all the resources necessary to prevent them from harming themselves
A
hearing them out;
listening;
dismissing;
counselors; psychiatrists
20
Q
What should be done about the shortage of medical specialists and adequate resources in rural settings:
- perhaps creating … to encourage more physicians to work in those regions
- I think … will also be helpful to increasing access to care, so that when patients have concerns about their health condition, they can at least begin getting examined through that platform and then if it’s something that’s urgent, they can go see a clinician in person
- maybe … programs to assist patients to get to the right place
A
incentives;
telehealth;
transportation
21
Q
clinical vs. academic med:
- academic medicine: don’t … in your career, focus on …, … and performs …
A
see patients;
research;
teaches;
research
22
Q
academic vs clinical med:
- clinical med: … on a daily basis
A
treating patients
23
Q
important social problems in the US:
- … ,…
- …
A
hunger; food insecurity;
discrimination;
24
Q
- Can you think of any examples in our society when healthcare is a right? When is it a privilege? When is it not clear?
- To me, healthcare is always a right except for when it comes to services that are unnecessary and have literally no impact on one’s health (e.g. purely …services). I think it’s unclear in cases where the services are not essential to one’s health, but do still have an impact on … For instance, a patient with acne. Getting rid of that acne isn’t really essential to maintaining their health, but it can still impact them in terms of self-esteem, their willingness to interact with others, their mental health, etc.
A
cosmetic;
quality of life.
25
controversies in the area of medical ethics:
* giving ... treatments when the patient would still be in pain bc family asked for it
* controversial services like ...
* ...
life-sustaining;
euthanasia;
stem cell research
