Extra Questions

Question 1

True or False: When actin polymerization is inhibited the actin cytoskeleton will enlarge

Answer 1

False

Question 2

True or False: William James was the first person to directly relate memory phenomena to specific brain regions

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What is William James proposed three stage memory idea?

Answer 3

After image —> Primary Memory —–> Secondary memory

Question 4

when a neuron hyperpolarizes what becomes of the intracellular fluid?

Answer 4

intracellular becomes more negatively charged. likelihood of an action potential decreases

Question 5

What is the ARC proteins actual job?

Answer 5

To contribute to the regulation of Actin polymerization. In the absence of an Arc protein there is:
1. A large reduction in phosphorylated cofilin
2. Corresponding large loss of new actin filaments

Question 6

What happens when you inhibit Arc protein with antisense?

Answer 6

1. A large reduction in phosphorylated cofilin
2. Corresponding large loss of new actin filaments

Prevents BDNF induced LTP

Question 7

The synapse-to-nucleus hypothesis proposes that

Answer 7

Synaptic Activity produces signaling molecules that eventually move to the nucleus

Question 8

What is the difference between the synapse-to-nucleus hypothesis and the soma-to-nucleus hypothesis?

Answer 8

Synapse-to-nucleus: Synaptic Activity produces signaling molecules that eventually move to the nucleus (Through the cell)

Soma-to-nucleus: As a result of action potentials Ca2+ enters the soma through the voltage-dependent calcium channels

Question 9

The idea that synaptic activity leads to the transcription of new plasticity product needed to build long-lasting LTP is called the _______.

Answer 9

Genomic Signaling hypothesis and the soma-to-nucleus hypothesis

Question 10

True or False: Metabotropic glutamate receptors have ion channels

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Can BDNF be released from the dendrites?

Answer 11

Yes, allowing for activity-dependent, synapse-specific modulation of plasticity

Question 12

True or False: The antisense methodology allows researchers to directly prevent transcription

Answer 12

False: Antisense prevents protein synthesis from existing mRNA not the initial transcription in the nucleus

Question 13

True or False: Antisense to PKMZ erased LTP in both the wildtype and the PKC/s mutant mouse

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False: A sustained increase in intracellular calcium is associated with the BDNF-TrkB

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is GluN1 subunit?

Answer 15

A very important subunit for NMDA receptors, if inhibited unable to complete morris water task

Question 16

what does CaKMII do?

Answer 16

Activated by Ca binding to calmodulin.
1.Adds phosphate groups to AMAP receptor subunits
2. Promotes AMPA receptor trafficking

Question 17

Did Morris use genetically engineered mice in the first study that investigated the role of NMDA receptors in memory formation ?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Is ampakine’s antagonsit or agonists?

Answer 18

They are agonists, they bind to AMPA receptor and increase channel to stay open for longer

Question 19

Does epinephrine restore the level of phosphorylated CREB in old rats trained on the avoidance task?

Answer 19

No, Glucose injection does increase CREB levels thou

Question 20

Who discovered that memories are vulnerable to disruption by Electroconvulsive shock?

Answer 20

Lewis

Question 21

True or False: NMDA receptors are required for both the acquisition and the retrieval of memories.

Answer 21

False