proximal vs distal in terms of flow
upstream vs downstream
eg: capillaries distal to arteries, proximal to veins
sign vs symptom
objective vs subjective
eg: dent in skull (sign), headache (symptom)
sign - if they were dead you could still identify it
arm and leg refer to
arm: upper arm (lower is forearm)
leg: lower leg (upper is thigh)
stenosis
narrowing