Coronavirus includes MERS and SARS.
What does corona virus cause?
Common cold, SARS and MERS
What is SARS?
Transmitted?
Causes what?
Most at risk?
SARS: severe acute respiratory distress
bats -> palm civet cats -> humans ; started in China -> CAN -> US
Fever, myalgia, dry cough, pneumo => ARD in 10% of people (die)
health care workers
What is MERS?
Transmitted?
Causes what?
Middle east resp syndrome
bats -> camels -> humans
Pneuo and ARDS, with a 30% chance of mortaility
Bacterial infections
Fever:
WBC:
Platlets:
High fever:
High WBC;
Left shift (10% band):
High platelets d/t acute phase reactants like CRP; neutrophils are mostly increase
Viral infections
Fever
WBC:
Platlets:
Low fever; higher in adults and lower in kids
Normal or increased WBC; high lymphocytes
Normal platelet count
Bacterial
Dx:
Skin manifestation:
Dx with culture, somtimes rapid diagnostic tests
Skin: florid (reddist)
Viral
Dx:
Skin manifestation:
Dx: serology; may have unusual effects on RBC or platelets; affects reticulo-system
Exanthema: rash or skin erruption that fades quickly
What is the difference between pneumonitis and pneumonia
Pneumontitis: interstitial pattern that is less cohesive; disorganized
pneumonia: organized confluent process and evidenec that there is infiltrate in lung
What are the major
pathophysiologic manifestations
of spirochete infections?
- endarteritis
2. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
What will someone who has acute bacterial meningitis CSF look like?
Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure
Color: cloudy (turbid)
Proteins: increased
Glucose: decreased.
Opening pressure: increased.
What will someone who has acute VIRAL meningitis CSF look like?
Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure
Color: clear
Proteins: increased (less than 200 tho)
Glucose: normal
Opening pressure: normal;
What will someone who has acute Fungal meningitis CSF look like?
Color: clear
Proteins: high
Glucose: normal or LOW
Opening pressure: normal or elevated
Monospot test for mono is also called what?
Heterophil antibody test
If a bacterial infection is present, what will sputum cultures come back?
POSTIVE
What can cause mono?
how can we tell the difference
- EBV (most common cause)
- CMV
Viral syndromes that cause splenomegaly; mono; vulnerable to rupture
To tell the difference do a monospot (heterophil AB test):
if +: EBV
NEg: could be CMV
If + for MONO: EBV causes B cells to secrete heterophile anti-sheep RBC antibodies => cause AGLutTINATION of animals blood
If -: CMV
IF serum cold agluttinins are +, and heterophil Ab test is neg, what do we think of?
Mycoplasma pneumonia, causes pneumotitis (streaky bilateral)
Mycoplasma pneumonia produces what 2 clinical findings?
- bullous myringitis: painful blisters in eardrum
- Erythema multiforme
Also atypical pneumona (pneumotitis)
Are more distinct rashes more likely bacteria or virus?
Viral: faint rashes
Bacterial: florid (rash or skin erruption that fades quickly)
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Respiratory pathogen but not seen in healthy individual
wjat kind of ppl?
AIDS pts with a CD4 less than 200
first thing to do after bacterial infection
CXR
Platelet counts in neoplasias?
LOW
gram + diplococci
strep pneumo
Most common cause of bladder infection
e. coli
- > staph sapro
do chlam and gonorrhea affect the bladder
no.
fallopian tubes and uterus
no utis
