Extraction Instruments & Technique

Question 1

What are straight upper anterior forceps used to extract?

Answer 1

• upper anterior teeth
  
  • canine to canine
  • best for canines and centrals
  • often too wide for laterals

Question 2

What are upper universal forceps used to extract?

Answer 2

• most upper teeth
  
  • more challenging for molars and centrals

Question 3

What are upper molar forceps used to extract?

Answer 3

• upper molars

Question 4

Why do left and right upper molar forceps exist?

Answer 4

• to accomodate root morphology
  
  • 2 buccal
    
    • pointed aspect enters furcation
  • 1 palatal
    
    • smooth aspect
• ’ beak to cheek’

Question 5

What are lower universal forceps used to extract?

Answer 5

• lower anteriors and premolars

Question 6

What are lower molar forceps used to extract?

Answer 6

• lower molars
  
  • pointed on each side to engage furcation

Question 7

What are cowhorn forceps used to extract?

Answer 7

• lower molars
  
  • pointed tips engage furcation
  • extracts through squeezing force

Question 8

How do upper and lower forceps differ?

Answer 8

• upper forceps are straight or curved
• lower forceps are at a 90 degree angle

Question 9

What are bayonet forceps used to extract?

Answer 9

• upper bayonets
  
  • upper third molars
• upper bayonet roots
  
  • roots of extracted molars

Question 10

What is the function of elevators?

Answer 10

lift the tooth out of the socket

Question 11

What are the 3 types of elevators?

Answer 11

• Coupland’s
• Cryer’s
• Warwick James

Question 12

What is the function of a luxator?

Answer 12

sever and tear the periodontal ligament to increase mobility and improve application points

Question 13

What technique should be used for luxating?

Answer 13

• thumb and finger of non-dominant hand support alveolar bone
  
  • prevents bone fracture
  • retracts soft tissues
  • supports mandible for lower teeth

Question 14

What different movements can be used with elevators?

Answer 14

• wedge
• lever
• wheel and axel

Question 15

Where should forceps be applied on a tooth?

Answer 15

as far down the root surface as possible without traumatising the soft tissues

Question 16

What force should be applied with forceps to all teeth to start an extraction?

Answer 16

apical pressure

Question 17

What motion should be used for extraction of a multirooted tooth?

Answer 17

• buccal expansion
• figure of 8

Question 18

What motion should be used for extraction of a single rooted tooth?

Answer 18

rotational

Question 19

What is a peristome?

Answer 19

• flattened sharpened probe
  
  • used to cut around tooth to sever PDL
• time consuming but atraumatic
  
  • useful for immediate implants

Question 20

What is the most common motion used for elevators?

Answer 20

wheel and axel

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of the level motion with elevators?

Answer 21

lots of force exerted on the alveolar bone

Question 22

Where are common application points for elevators?

Answer 22

• mesial
• buccal
• distal

Question 23

What are uncommon application points for elevators and why might they not be used?

Answer 23

• superior/inferior
  
  • buccal plate requires removal
  • only for surgical extractions
• medial and distal
  
  • alveolar bone left unsupported