Extras (:

Question 1

Three barriers to fertilization and their components

Answer 1

1. Corona radiata: hyaluronic acid
2. ZP: ZP proteins
3. Oocyte plasma membrane: Izumo receptors

Question 2

Four steps in implantation

Answer 2

Apposition, attachment, invasion, decidualization

Question 3

Hormone that support mesonephric duct maintenance in fetus

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

What suppresses Sox9 in female fetus?

Answer 4

FoxL2

Question 5

What forms the round L of the ovary and uterus?

Answer 5

Round L of the ovary: superior gubernaculum

Round L of the uterus: inferior gubernaculum

Question 6

Two muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 6

External urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 7

Internal and external urethral sphincter locations

Answer 7

Internal = preprostatic/neck of the bladder
External = membranous

Question 8

Path of pudendal artery and nerve

Answer 8

1. Internal pudendal A -> perineal A -> posterior scrotal/labial A
2. Pudendal N -> deep + superficial perineal NS -> superficial gives off posterior scrotal/labial N’s

Question 9

10 nerves of the sacral plexus

Answer 9

1. Superior gluteal
2. Inferior gluteal
3. N to quadratus femoris
4. N to piriformis
5. N to obturator internus
6. Posterior femoral cutaneous
7. Perforating cutaneous branches
8. Pudendal
9. Sciatic
10. Pelvic splanchnic

Question 10

Three shunts, path of blood, and what they bypass

Answer 10

1. Ductus venosus: IVC/umbilical vein -> RA, bypassing liver
2. Foramen ovale: RA->LA, bypassing RV
3. Ductus arteriosus: pulmonary A -> aorta, bypassing lungs

Question 11

HPL functions

Answer 11

Energy for mother, mammary gland development

Question 12

What theca interna and mural granulosa cells produce

Answer 12

Theca interna: androstenedione

Mural granulosa: estrogen

Question 13

Cells that produce activin and inhibin

Answer 13

Granulosa cells

Question 14

PALM of AUB

Answer 14

1. Polyps: from endometrium
2. Adenomyosis: extension of endometrium into myometrium
3. Leiomyoma: from myometrium
4. Endometrial hyperplasia: endometrial growth from unopposed estrogen

Question 15

Cytokine that supports decidual NK cells

Answer 15

IL-15