What is the effect of increasing mass on kinetic energy if velocity is constant?
Kinetic energy increases proportionally to mass.
What is the effect of increasing velocity on kinetic energy if mass is constant?
Kinetic energy increases with the square of velocity.
What is the effect of increasing height on gravitational potential energy?
GPE increases.
What is the effect of increasing force on extension of a spring within the limit of proportionality?
Extension increases proportionally.
What happens if a spring is stretched beyond the limit of proportionality?
The spring undergoes inelastic deformation and does not return to original length.
What is the relationship between pressure and volume in gases?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass at constant temperature (Boyle’s Law).
What is absolute zero in terms of particle motion?
It is the temperature at which particle motion theoretically stops.
What is the practical method to measure specific heat capacity of a material?
Use a heater and thermometer to measure energy input and temperature change for a known mass.
What is the practical method to investigate the density of a liquid?
Measure mass of a known volume using a balance and measuring cylinder.
What is the practical method to investigate the resistance of a wire?
Set up a circuit with ammeter, voltmeter, and variable length of wire, measure V and I to calculate R.
What is the practical to investigate I-V characteristics of a component?
Use a variable resistor, measure current and potential difference for the component at different voltages and plot V-I graph.
What is the practical to investigate the acceleration of a trolley on a slope?
Measure time and distance, calculate acceleration, vary slope to see effect of force.
What is the practical to determine the density of a solid object?
Measure mass with a balance, volume by displacement in a measuring cylinder, then calculate density = mass ÷ volume.
What is the practical to investigate specific latent heat of fusion?
Heat a known mass of ice until it melts completely, measure energy supplied with heater.
What is the practical to investigate the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
Heat a known mass of water until it boils, measure energy supplied with heater.
What is the practical to investigate refraction of light?
Shine light through a rectangular block, measure angle of incidence and refraction, calculate refractive index.
What is the practical to investigate density of irregular solids?
Use displacement method to measure volume, balance for mass, calculate density.
What is the practical to investigate the magnetic field around a wire?
Use a compass to map direction of field lines around a current-carrying wire.
What is the practical to investigate induced current?
Move a magnet in a coil of wire connected to a galvanometer and observe current deflection.
What is the practical to investigate force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field (motor effect)?
Place wire between magnet poles, vary current and measure force using a balance or spring scale.
What is the practical to investigate the effect of changing resistance on current?
Use a variable resistor and ammeter, plot current against potential difference.
What is the practical to measure the density of a liquid?
Measure mass of a known volume of liquid using a balance and cylinder.
What is the practical to investigate pressure in fluids?
Measure force applied over a known area, calculate pressure; vary area or depth to observe effect.
What is the practical to investigate speed of sound in air?
Use a timer and measured distance, measure time for sound to travel between two points, calculate speed = distance ÷ time.
