EYE

Question 1

Blepharitis

non-ulcerative vs ulcerative

Answer 1

non: assc w skin issue(sebborrheic)/trisomy21/lice
d/t chemical/environmental
ulcerative:involves lash n meibomian gland, pustules at follicle=crust/bloody/thick breaking lashes

Question 2

Blepharitis mgmt non-pharm

Answer 2

lid scrub, massage meibomian gland

Question 3

Blepharitis tx

resistant tx

Answer 3

bacitracin, erythromycin, quinolone ointment

PO: doxycylcine, tetracycline

Question 4

Hordeolum internal vs external

Answer 4

internal-inflammation/infection of meibomian gland
external-eyelid/lash affected
(((((Tender stye)))))

Question 5

Chalazion

Answer 5

granulomatous infection of meibomian gland

painless swelling, NO exudate

Question 6

Chalazion mgmt

Answer 6

compress
steroid inj
lid massage/scrub

Question 7

Conjunctivitis bacterial causes

Answer 7

staph, strep, h.flu, m.cat, pseudomonas

Gonococcal, chlamydial

Question 8

Conjunctivitis viral caused by

Answer 8

adenoviruses- coxsacki, varicella zoster, herpes simplex/zoster
flourescein stain=dendrites

Question 9

Conjunctivitis allergic tx

Answer 9

topical decongestant antihistamine
-naphazoline HCl
Mast cell stabilizers
-olopatadine
-azelastine

Question 10

Conjunctivits bacterial tx

Answer 10

drops
sulfacetamide
tobramycin
Ciprofloxacin

Question 11

Conjunctivitis chlamydial/gonococcal tx

Answer 11

PO PCN and Doxy

eye: refer to opth, gentamicin

Question 12

Cellulitis caused by

refer out*

Answer 12

staph, strep, strep pna, H.flu, fungus

Question 13

Pingueculum and pterygium

Answer 13

conjunctival lesions d/t epithelial hyperplasia

^sun exposure, environmental irritants

Question 14

Pingueculum vs pterygium

Answer 14

pingueculum- yellow growth

pterygium- vascularized lesion

Question 15

Pingueculum, pterygium tx

Answer 15

opth lube, antiinflammatory (voltaren/ketolorac)
topical steroid  (rimexolone, loteprednol)

Question 16

Corneal abrasion tx

Answer 16

tobramycin, cipro ointment

cipro, ofloxacin drops

Question 17

Dacryostenosis most common cause of

Answer 17

epiphoria (^tearing) and NB ocular discharge

Question 18

Dacryostenosis causes

TX

Answer 18

NB- inferior turbinate fails to complete canalization in NB period
Infection-staph or strep
lacrimal duct massage, abx drops

Question 19

Dacryostenosis findings

Answer 19

Lacrimal sac distension/inflammation

Puncture pressure=mucus reflux

Question 20

What is Hyphema
When does it happen
What does it look like

Answer 20

hemorrhage into anterior chamber of eye d/t iris or ciliary body rupture
spontaneous or d/t trauma
visible fluid line in pupil

Question 21

Hyphema prevention

Answer 21

protection, control dm and hemophilia

Question 22

Glaucoma risk factors

open angle and closed angle

Answer 22

open-DM, AA,
angle closure-hyperopia, small cornea (>25mmhg iop)
**anticholinergics can ^IOP

Question 23

Open angle glaucoma tx

Answer 23

beta blocker (vAqueous humor production)
prostaglandin analogs(-prost) =brown iris (^AH outflow)

Question 24

angle closure glaucoma tx

vIOP during acute attack

Answer 24

acetazolamide, IV mannitol, topical pilocarpine
laser iridotomy or peripheral iridectomy
bedrest

Question 25

Diabetic retinopathy findings

Answer 25

microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhage, macular edema, lipid deposits nerve fiber infarctions (cotton wool), venous beading/dilation, edema

Question 26

Diabetic retinopathy tx

Answer 26

lisinopril (slows progression) | laser tx if proliferative

Question 27

Macular degeneration =blindness | dry vs wet

Answer 27

dry-retinal degeneration | wet-new blood vessels form under retina and in macula=distortion/visual loss

Question 28

Macular degeneration early indicator

Answer 28

yellow round spots (drusen)

Question 29

Macular degeneration mgmt

Answer 29

int state=antioxidant vits/zinc | thermal laser photocoagulation for wet, not for central macular area

Question 30

Cellulitis tx

Answer 30

cephalosporin, ampicillin-clavulanic acid; IV abx

Question 31

Corneal abrasion vs erosion

Answer 31

Epithelium | Underlying stromal layer

Question 32

Foreign body tx

Answer 32

Erythromycin, tobramycin | Ciprofloxacin, oflox

Question 33

Dry eye causes

Answer 33

Sjrogens Infection Trauma, CN8 Palsy vTear production

Question 34

vTear production causes | Dry eye

Answer 34

Anticholinergics, b-blockers, antihistamines vEstrogen Computer/microscope=vBlinks

Question 35

``` Dry eye levels 1 2 3 4 ```

Answer 35

1: avoid triggers;modifications 2: lubricants, topical antiinflammatory, topical/systemic omega3s 3: autologous serum, lenses, punctual occlusion 4: systemic antiinflammatory, surgery

Question 36

Cataracts mgmt

Answer 36

Control health, uv glasses, no drinking/smoking