Eye Overview

Question 1

Myopia

Answer 1

Near sightedness

Concave lenses

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

Associated with aging
Lens is less flexible
Makes reading things close difficult

Question 3

Strabismus

Answer 3

Lazy eye
Loss of binocular vision
R/t paralysis or weak eye muscles
Can lead to amblyopia if not treated

Question 4

Amblyopia

Answer 4

• Diminished vision when there is no detectable leasion in the eye
• Occurs when there is one eye that has an issue, the brain is going to block out that side and only process that with the normal view
• can lead to permanent blindness

Question 5

Diplopia

Answer 5

Binocular vision not lined up so we are seeing 2 of things

Can be permanent or transient

Question 6

Nystagmus

Answer 6

Involuntary rhythmic oscillation of eye movements that happens when someone focuses on an object but they’re looking way off to the right or left

• two extremes in peripheral vision
• related to semicircular ducts and vestibular system

Question 7

Ptosis

Answer 7

Sagging or dropping of the UPPER EYELID

Weak lavator muscles

Question 8

Entropion

Answer 8

Inward turning of the lower lid, eye lashes irritate and rest on the sclera

Question 9

Ectropion

Answer 9

Lower lid is turned out

Question 10

Hordeoleum

Answer 10

STYE

Infection of the sebaceous glad of the lid

Internal or external

Question 11

Chalazaion

Answer 11

Chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (vertical within eye lid Near lashes)

-chronic condition looks like constant stye

Question 12

Viral conjunctivitis

Answer 12

PINK EYE

Very contagious, can spread to other eye

Question 13

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 13

Often from gonorrhea or chlamydia and leads to Purulent drainage, drying and crusting of eye

Can be transmitted via birth canal -> reason for all babies getting eye drops after vaginal birth

Question 14

Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 14

Not an infection, not contagious

Lots of itchiness,, redness, drainage

Question 15

Keratitis

Answer 15

Infection of the cornea

Cause: herpes simplex virus

Ulcer of cornea or erosion of cornea-> scaring-> dysfunction

Question 16

Glaucoma

Answer 16

Increased intra- ocular pressure which leads to damage of optic nerve

Question 17

2 types of glaucoma

Answer 17

1. Primary open angle glaucoma

2. Acute angle closure

Question 18

Primary glaucoma

Answer 18

No evidence of any pre- existing ocular conditions

This is the primary condition

Question 19

Secondary glaucoma

Answer 19

Result from some other inflammatory process of the eye

Possibly some tumor, trauma, bleeding/ hemorrhage

Question 20

Primary open angle glaucoma

Answer 20

CHRONIC, SLOW CONDITION

Slow process that is going to lead to slow damage of the optic nerve

trabecular network of the eye closes up

Question 21

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 21

Acute, quick blockage

where drainage occurs in the canal of schlemm is

VERY QUICK and can lead to damage very QUICKLY including blindness if not addressed immediately

Question 22

CM of primary open angle glaucoma

Answer 22

VERY SLOW, INSIDIOUS process

Some blind spots in peripheries, and progress to center

Medications and drops, if not working then surgery

Question 23

CM Acute angle glaucoma

Answer 23

Pain in eye

DILATED pupil because of the increased stress

Nausea, headache, blurred vision, RAINBOWS AROUND CERTAIN LIGHTS ESPECIALLY AT NIGHT

EMERGENT SITUATION

Medication then surgery

Question 24

Cataracts

Answer 24

Issue with lens

Opacity or clouding which is owing to make vision blurry

Question 25

Those more prone to developing cataracts

Answer 25

**an issue with aging for the most part** DM Smoking Eye trauma or other disorders of the eye

Question 26

CM of cataracts

Answer 26

Blurred vision Darker blurriness over time as more opacity or cloudiness is on the lens Difficulty driving at night

Question 27

Treatment of cataracts

Answer 27

Worried about quality of life Surgery is the ONLY OPTION- replacement of lens

Question 28

Macular degeneration pathophysiology

Answer 28

Degeneration of the fovea Where all of our vision signals are coming and being sent through the optic nerve to the brain

Question 29

Dry MD

Answer 29

Occurs due to fatty lipid deposits called drusen that develop in the area of the macula Affect blood flow and start to damage and lead to scar tissue formation on the fovea; damage to central part of the Retinal macula

Question 30

Wet macular degeneration

Answer 30

Issue with microvasculature of the eye Becomes leaky and blood gets into that area of the eye leading to damage including pulling that optic disk off the back of the eye Due to mini bleed/ hemorrhaging in the back of the eye

Question 31

Hyperopia

Answer 31

Far sightedness Error in refraction Convex lenses to fix