Eye problems

Question 1

Strabismus

Answer 1

1. Failure of eyes to remain aligned
2. Problem with brain/ extraocular muscles
3. Impaired vision/double vision

Question 2

Glaucoma

Answer 2

1. Drainage system tof aqueous humor ( schlemm’s canal/trabecular meshwork) becomes blocked
2. Increased pressur ein anterior chamber, then the whole eye
3. Damages the optic nerve

Question 3

Two types of gluocoma

Answer 3

1. Open angle gluacoma - slow clogging causes gradual increase in pressure -> slow loss of vision
2. Closed angle - lens pushed against iris, narrow passage of aqeous humor _> acute blockage, eye pain, sudden loss of vision

Question 4

Leukocoria

Answer 4

• White pupil - abnormal white reflection from retina of the eye

1. Retinoblastoma (malignant tumor) is a common cause
2. Also be caused by retinal detatchment/cataract

Question 5

Retinis Pigmentosa

Answer 5

1. Genetic degenerative disease of retina
   - Loss of peripheral vision gradually - tunnel vision
   - blindness
   - Photospia - flahse sof light

Question 6

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 6

High blood pressure

1. Blood leaks out of blood vessels
2. Damage to blood vessels

Decrease in blood supply to the retina causes retinal damage

Question 7

Cataracts

Answer 7

1. Loss of transparency of the lens

Question 8

Age related macular degeneration

Answer 8

1. Degeneration of macula - loss of central vision but peripheral vision is maintained
   - most common cause of blindness over 50
   - age smoking hypertension are risk factors

Question 9

Retinal detatchment

Answer 9

1. Retina begins to pull away from the blood vessels that supply it with nutrients etc
   • Causes : trauma/thinning with age
2. Peripheral vision is lost
3. If macula is still attatched - keep central vision

Question 10

Keratocconus

Answer 10

• Ageing process, lens becomes less flexible due to hardening of the lens
• Eye doesn’t focus light evenly on retina

Question 11

Astigmatism

Answer 11

• Refractive errors of the eye in which the frontal process is shaped like a rugby ball
• Irregular curvature of the cornea means that the eye is not focused on the retina

Question 12

Hyperopia

Answer 12

Longsightedness
• Light rays are brought to focus behind the retina
• Convex lens

Question 13

Prebyopia

Answer 13

• Ageing process, lens becomes less flexible due to hardening of the lens
• Eye doesn’t focus light evenly on retina

Question 14

Keratocconus

Answer 14

Conical shaped cornea that scatters the light that passes through it causing blurry vision
• Occurs mainly in young people

Question 15

Ischaemic optic neuropathy

Answer 15

• blood does not flow properly to the optic nerve
• Lasting damage to optic nerve
• Sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes

Question 16

CAUSES OF RAPID LOSS OF VISION

Answer 16

• RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
• RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
• ISCHAEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY
• VITROEUS HAEMORRAGE
• RETINAL DETATCHMENT
• ACUTE GLUACOMA

Question 17

CAUSES OF SLOW LOSS OF VISION

Answer 17

• Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• Age related macular degeneration
• Diabetic retinopathy

Question 18

Thyroid eye disease

Answer 18

• Eye muscle and fatty tissue behind the eye become inflamed.
• eye is caused to be pushed forward and bulged
• Retraction of eyelid, restriction of eye movement and pressure on nerves