(F) Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea (module-based)

Question 1

• causes diphyllobothriasis or broad tapeworm or fish tapeworm infection
• also causes bothriocephalus anemia
• distributed worldwide but more at the northern temperate regions when pickled or insufficiently cooked fresh-water fishes are prominent part of the diet

Answer 1

Dibothriocephalus latus

Question 2

Dibothriocephalus latus AKA

Answer 2

broad, or fish tapeworm

Question 3

Dibothriocephalus latus was previously known as

Answer 3

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 4

Adult worms of Dibothriocephalus latus are frequently attached on the

Answer 4

• walls of ileum
• rarely in the jejunum

Question 5

Dibothriocephalus latus

Morphology

1. Sectorial groove or bothria
2. Rectangular, with the width greater than the length
3. Immature when laid, and with bubble-like germ balls.
4. Globular-shaped, surrounded with cilia and contains a hexacanth embryo

A. Egg
B. Coracidium
C. Scolex
D. Segments

Answer 5

CDAB

Question 6

Dibothriocephalus latus

Describe the shape of the scolex

Answer 6

Spatulate, or spoon-shaped

Question 7

Dibothriocephalus latus

Segments: At the midline, ventral side, it has small, but prominent openings, which consist of? (2)

Answer 7

uterine and genital pore

Question 8

Dibothriocephalus latus

 58–76x40–51um(ave.66–44um)
 Light golden-yellow in color
 Broadly ovoid, operculate, with
moderately thick shell
 Immature when laid, and with bubble-like
germ balls.

Answer 8

Egg

Question 9

Dibothriocephalus latus

Result of the egg hatching in bodies of freshwater.

anong morphology

Answer 9

Coracidium

Question 10

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

MOT

Answer 10

ingestion of plerocercoid or sparganum larva contained in the flesh of improperly cooked freshwater fishes

Question 11

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Ingestion of what fishes

Answer 11

like pike, salmon, and trout

Question 12

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Where does it mature

Answer 12

walls of ileum

Question 13

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

After attaching to the walls, when does it lay eggs?

Answer 13

5-6 weeks

Question 14

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Stage of the egg passed with feces

Answer 14

Immature eggs

Question 15

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

1. On maturation of the egg, this escapes through the operculum and swims in the water
2. The first intermediate host ingests this and later transforms into?
3. The second intermediate hosts ingests the 1st inter. hosts then later transform into what larvae?

A. plerocercoid or sparganum larvae
B. procercoid
C. coracidium

Answer 15

CBA

Question 16

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

first intermediate hosts

Answer 16

Tiny water crustaceans, like copepods

Question 17

Most common copepods

Answer 17

Diaptomus vulgaris

Question 18

Rare copepods

Answer 18

cyclops strenuous

Question 19

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

second intermediate hosts

Answer 19

Freshwater fishes

Question 20

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

where does the ingested procercoids transforms into lerocercoid or sparganum larvae of the fish?

Answer 20

tissues and muscles

Question 21

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

The worms, at the jejunum, compete with the absorption of vitamin B12 resulting to?

Answer 21

pernicious or megaloblastic type of anemia

Question 22

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

TOF. Indefinite digestive symptoms include include nervous disturbances, digestive disorders, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, weakness, and malnutrition.

Answer 22

F (minor symptoms)

Question 23

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

Indefinite digestive symptoms

familiarize

Answer 23

hunger pains, epigastric fullness, appetite loss, and nausea and vomiting

Question 24

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

TOF. The presence of the adult worm in the intestine usually causes NO symptoms among infected individuals.

Answer 24

T

Question 25

# Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations Vague, non-specific, and variable symptoms are oftentimes attributed to?

Answer 25

absorption of toxic secretion or by products of degenerating proglottids

Question 26

# Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations The worms irritate the?

Answer 26

Mucosa

Question 27

# Dibothriocephalus latus: Lab Diagnosis Recover egg or segments

Answer 27

Kato-Katz | effective technique to demonstrate eggs in feces

Question 28

# Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment Anti-helminthic drugs such as?

Answer 28

niclosamide, praziquantel, paromomycin, and quinacrine hydrochloride

Question 29

# Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment What should be recovered after administration of the drug to ensure adequate treatment of tapeworm infections?

Answer 29

scolices

Question 30

name at least one prevention and control for fish tapeworm

Answer 30

 Proper and adequate cooking of all suspected freshwater fishes.  Immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment of cases.  Proper and sanitary disposal of human waste.  Public education.

Question 31

* a condition wherein an individual is infected with larval forms (plerocercoid larvae) of some species of Pseudophyllidea worms * not natural parasites of man; thus, infection is limited to the larval stages only

Answer 31

Sparganosis

Question 32

MOT of Human Sparganosis | 3 possible answer

Answer 32

* drinking water infected with procercoid larva * ingestion of plerocercoid from raw flesh of birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals * local application of the flesh of infected vertebrate to the skin, conjunctiva or vagina resulting to the **migration of the sparganum larva out of the flesh of infected vertebrate animal into the tissues of man**

Question 33

# SPARGANOSIS This larva penetrates the intestinal wall and migrates to the subcutaneous tissues and muscle where it develops into typical sparganum larva.

Answer 33

procercoid larva

Question 34

# SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations The spargana may be lodged in various parts of the human body including the?

Answer 34

brain, eyes or orbit, and abdominal viscera

Question 35

# SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations this Ocular sparganosis omes with intense pain, irritation, and edematous swelling of eyelids with excessive lacrimation

Answer 35

Ocular sparganosis

Question 36

# SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations Sub-conjunctival invasion leads to? | dalawa

Answer 36

lagophthalmia (protruding eyes) and ulceration of the cornea

Question 37

# SPARGANOSIS: Lab Diagnosis What may be done (2)

Answer 37

surgical removal of the organism and identification of the sparganum larva

Question 37

# SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations developed over and around the larvae in the subcutaneous tissues

Answer 37

Itching pustules

Question 38

# SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available drug of choice

Answer 38

Praziquantel

Question 39

# SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available Surgical removal of what larval stage?

Answer 39

Sparangum larva

Question 40

# SPARGANOSIS: PREVENTION

Answer 40

drinking only boiled or filtered water ## Footnote in areas where the parasite is endemic or suspected to be present and cooking food properly

Question 41

CONGRATS U R DONE

Answer 41

MWAH