Reproduction > FA surgery > Flashcards

FA surgery Flashcards

(36 cards)

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0
Q

What is the anaesthetic legislation for castration?

A

> anaesthesia for bull and goat > 2mo
ram >3mo
elastrator for < 1 week

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1
Q

Advantages adn disadvantages of castration?

A 
\+ prevents mating
\+ v aggression
\+ reduces boar taint
\+ ^ carcasse quality? ^ fat
- v growth rate and FCE
- pain and growth check
- consumers dont like fat
- loss potential breeding animals
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2
Q

Which aniamls are usually castrated which are not?

A
  • calves usually castrated except for bull beef
  • done up to 18 months
  • lambs usually castrated
  • pigs not castrated
    > regional differences eg. oppoite in holland and germany
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3
Q

advantages and disadvantages of elastrator?

A 
\+ simpe and cheap
\+ low failure rate
- only used 1 week of age (diffficult for hill flocks?) 
- pain 
- necrosis of tissues
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4
Q

What must be avoided when elastrating testicles?

A
  • sigmoid flexure of penis
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5
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Burdizzo vloodless castrator?

A 
\+ no wound
\+ no necrosis
\+ can use on older animals and multiple species
- pain
- high failure rate
- scortal ischaemia
- crushing sigmoid flexure 
- 4 crushes required (2 for each testicle, done separately, need long spermatic cord - spare midline to preserve blood supply and just crush spermatic cord)
> restraint important
- sedation?
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6
Q

What should owner be warned of following burdizzo castration?

A

check scrotum contains 2 hard nuts 8 weeks later

- otherwise contact vet

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7
Q

Potential complications of the burdizzo method of castrating?

A
  • failure to crush cord adequately
  • scrotal necrosis
  • accidental clamping of sigmoid flexure of penis
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8
Q

What is most important in open castration?

A
  • clean calf
  • clean environment
  • clean surgery
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9
Q

where should incicsion be made for open castration?

A

bottom of scrotum - pull testes down

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10
Q

keep intruments in what when not in use?

A

tray of disinfectant - ready for next surgery

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11
Q

Where is local anaestehsia injected? what should be given? post op?

A
  • speratic cord
  • testicle (Painful process in itself and not as efffective)
    > procaine (only one licensed in calves) 3-5ml each side
    > NSAIDs postop
    > epidural?
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12
Q

HOw should testicles be removed?

A

pull and twist through incision

- mind your hand!!

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13
Q

HOw does anaesthesia of rams differ to lambs?

A

give epidural

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14
Q

How does castration of boars differ to other spp?

A
  • subanal position
  • no speramtic neck
  • difficult to tense in scrotum
  • boar requires sedation/epidural block or GA
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15
Q

Complications of open castration?

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A 
> haemirrhage
> oedema 
> infection (esp clostridial) 
> gut tie if herniated into scrotum
> inguiunal herniation
16
Q

What history would indicate need for a c-sec?

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A 
> dam
- heifer or cow
- more than 5d beyond expected calving date 
- long period unproductive straining
- 10cm feet out with 2 people pulling? 
> calf 
- presence of valuable calf
17
Q

What on PE would indicate need for a c-sec?

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A 
> BCS 
- fat (big calf small birthing canal)
- beef dam thing = big calf inside
> age/maturity
- normal claving unlikey  confirmation
- gross abnormalitites
> health state 
- concurrent disease
18
Q

Foetal indications for ceasar?

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A
  • foeto-maternal disporoportion most common
  • incompletee cervical dilation
  • irreducible uterine torsion
  • foetal deformtiy
  • fauluty foetal disposition (PPP)
19
Q

WHat does ceasar prognosis depend on?

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A
  • duration dystocia
  • concurrent disease
  • skill and speed of surgeon
  • availability of skilled assistance (farmer may contaminate wound)
  • surgical environment
  • presence of live calf (dead calf -> peritonitis)
20
Q

which side is ceasar incision made?

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A

left (rumen prevents guts falling out)

21
Q

Preparations for ceasar?

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A
  • halter and bullring in nose?
  • ride side against wall
  • spasmolytic (clenbuterol, though illegal in NL and BE)
  • epidural? risk cow going down
  • rope on RH leg and tail tied to leg
  • xylazine? risk cow going down
    > flex carpal joints to prevent calf stimulating birthing canal to minimise straining
22
Q

How should a recumbent animal be prepared for ceasar?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cast
  • xylaine
  • tie tail
  • hobble legs
  • semi-lateral ith bale behind shoulder
23
Q

ANeasthesia options for ceasar?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • paravertebral not great too much mm (T13, L1, L2 +- L3)
  • local blocks better
    > line
    > inverted L
  • epidural if strainging
  • try to avoid sedation!!*
24
What needle and suture material is needed for the uterus? /
Large curved round bodied needle 5-8metric catgut
25
What preparation is needed for ceasar?
- kit in safe place - scrub suit and scrubbing in - suture - sterile calving ropes - revival equipment - prepare assistant
26
How many layers of muscle are there to cut through when opening abdomen?
- 4
27
WHat will happen on entrance to the abdomen when incising for ceasar?
Air rush
28
WHat should be grabbed as calf is removed in ceasar?
Umbliilcal cord - pull cranially
29
What should be checked after calf has been removed?
Second calf
30
Closing up after ceasar?
- tidy foetal membranes - check hameirrhage from uterus and ligate vessels - suture uterus > 5-8M catgut > continuous inverting (allows for shrinkage as uterus involutes) > interlocking and watertight > double layer? - clean uterus and reposition - remove blood clots from abdo - abdo ABx (crystapen (streptopen) NOT metronidazole)? - suture 3 layers abdo muscle - ABx between mm layers?
31
Post-op management of ceasar?
- clean surgical area - dip navel calf - feed calf colostrum - topical spray - OT - untie tail - ABx 3d - NSAIDs
32
When should cow be re-examined following ceasar?
24 - 72 hours - PE (TPR, ruen, uterus) - wound (breakdown fiarly common, not big deal) - appetite cow and calf - cleansed/adhesion - Abx for 3d extend if necessary
33
Complications of ceasar?
``` > intra op - striaing - incised rumen - uterine tear - haemorrhage - recumbency - contamination > postop - wound infection - endo/metirtis - peritonitis - sepsis (emphysema) - adhesions - inferitlity/subproduction > Death!! ```
34
What should be remembered about small ruminant ceasar?
- paper thin! - horn torsion commmon - thin body wall - vaginal prolapse - multiple foetuses - may be ketotic
35
If multiple ceasars are planned, Where should multiple incisions be made. Max no?
> max 3 | > start cranial near ribs, move backwards each time
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