Design and Technology > Fabricating and constructing > Flashcards

Fabricating and constructing Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the process of lamination

A

Lamination involves the gluing together of thin sheets (veneers) of timber into a curved shape. The laminating process is as follows:

  1. First, a former is produced.
  2. Veneers of wood have glue applied to them.
  3. The veneers are layered over the former.
  4. The veneers are then held in place by clamps until dry.
  5. The laminated timber is then removed and trimmed
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2
Q

Define laminating timbers

A

Gluing veneers of wood together.

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3
Q

Define veneering

A

A thin sheet of wood is glued to the surface of a boards to enhance its appearance.

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4
Q

Describe the process of veneering. What is a bag press?

A

Exotic hardwood veneers can be applied to manufactured timbers to enhance their appearance. The process of veneering is as follows:

  1. A layer of glue is applied to a manufactured board, then a decorative veneer is placed on top.
  2. The assembled board is put into a bag press, sealed and left until the glue has dried.
  3. The board is then removed from the bag press, trimmed and sanded
    - A bag press is a heavy duty vacuum bad that is used to apply pressure on a product that is being glued.
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5
Q

Describe the process of using screws

A

Screws are a non-permanent method of fastening pieces of timber together. The process of screwing is:

  1. A pilot hole is drilled through both the top layer and the base layer of timber
  2. The top layer is drilled again with a clearance hole
  3. A countersink drill bit is used to recess the top layer.
  4. The screw can now screwed into joint with a screwdriver.
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6
Q

Are nails permanent or temporary of joining sections of timber together?

A

Temporary

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7
Q

What are the three different types of nails and how do they join timbers together?

A
  • Nails are hammered into timber
  • Round wire nails have a large flat head to prevent them pulling thin materials
  • Oval nails are shaped so they are less likely to split the grain
  • Panel pins are small and delicate. They are used to join thin sections of timber and boards to thicker pieces of timber.
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8
Q

What are the two main screw heads?

A
  • Slotted (also known as the flat)

- Phillips (a cross shape)

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9
Q

What is the simple term for an adhesive?

A

Glue

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10
Q

What are the two main adhesives?

A
  • PVA

- Contact Adhesives

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11
Q

What does PVA stand for?

A

Polyvinyl Adhesive

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12
Q

Evaluate the uses of PVA

A
  • Polyvinyl Adhesive is the most common adhesive used for gluing wood to wood
  • It can be used straight from the tube, is very strong and dries clear.
  • It is a water based adhesive with no specific health and safety issues.
  • Its main disadvantage is that it takes a relatively long time to dry.
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13
Q

Evaluate the uses of Contact Adhesive

A
  • Contact Adhesive is a medium-strength glue that sticks on contact.
  • It is applied in a thin layer to both surfaces and left to dry. The two surfaces are then pressed together and an instant joint is made.
  • It is a solvent-based adhesive that is flammable, toxic and an irritant.
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14
Q

What are the 7 types of wood joints?

A
  • Butt
  • Dowel
  • Lap
  • Housing
  • Mitre
  • Mortise and Tenon
  • Dovetail
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15
Q

Draw a butt joint

A

Search google

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16
Q

What is the use of butt joints?

A

Simple frame or box construction.

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17
Q

What are the advantages of Butt joint?

A

-Easy to make

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of Butt joint?

A
  • Weak, no mechanical strength, just glue

- Not aesthestically pleasing

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19
Q

Draw a Dowel joint

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A

Search google

20
Q

What is the use of Dowel joints?

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A

Frame or box construction.

21
Q

What are the advantages of Dowel joints?

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A
  • Concealed joints

- Provides greater strength than a butt joint

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of Dowel joints?

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A

-Hard to line up the dowels accurately by hand, therefore requiring a jig.

23
Q

Draw a lap joint

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A

Search google

24
Q

What is the use of lap joints?

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A

Frame or box construction.

25
What are the advantages of lap joints?
-Provides a greater surface area for adhesives to be added
26
What are the disadvantages of lap joints?
-Not very strong
27
Draw a housing joint
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28
What is the use of housing joints?
To hold a shelf or a divider
29
What are the advantages of housing joints?
Groove add strength and joint is pairs well and complementary with other joints such as lap joints
30
What are the disadvantages of housing joints?
- Requires time and skill to create - Can be tricky to cut neatly on a wide board - Very accurately marking out and cutting required to ensure a shelf is exactly level
31
Draw a mitre joint
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32
What is the use of mitre joints?
Used on picture frames
33
What are the advantages of mitre joints?
Aesthetically pleasing joint, because no end grain is shown.
34
What are the disadvantages of mitre joints?
- Weak, as only Butt Joint at 45°. | - No mechanical strength, just glue
35
Draw a mortise and tenon joint
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36
What is the use of mortise and tenon joints?
- Table under frames | - Chairs
37
What are the advantages of mortise and tenon joints?
-Very strong joint
38
What are the disadvantages of mortise and tenon joints?
- Requires a lot of time and skill to cut by hand
39
What is a another name for a finger joint?
Dovetail joint
40
Draw a Dovetail joint
Search google
41
What is the use of Dovetail joints?
Traditional method of constructing drawer
42
What are the advantages of Dovetail joints?
-Very strong joint
43
What are the disadvantages of Dovetail joints?
-Very hard to cut accurately by hand and time-consuming.
44
What is the process of wastage?
-Process of removing waste material to produce a joint or a shape in wood.
45
What are some wastage processes for woods?
Sawing, planing, chiselling, drilling, turning and sanding
46
What is the process of addition?
Addition is the name given to the process of adding materials together to produce a joint or a shape in the wood.
47
What are some adding processes for woods?
Nailing, screwing, gluing
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