How does politeness theory conceives of face
Can be lost, maintained or enhanced must be constantly attended to.
What two dimensions does politeness theory propose
Postive Face = approval
Negative Face = Autonomy
What factors influence the degree that face is threatened
- Social distance between parties
- Intrusiveness of the request
- Relative power of the parties
What are the 5 strategies that Brown and Levinson propose
- Avoid = No request is made
- Going off Record = stating indirectly ( I am hungry)
- Negative politeness= giving autonomy in the request ( i know you busy, could you)
- Postive politeness = attention to positive face needs (you are such a great cook, I can wait for you to….)
- Bald on-record = No attempt to acknowledge face wants (Would you fix dinner)
How did Lim and bowers extend the positive face theory
add two dimensions to positive face
- need to be included (personality approval)
- need to be respected (skill approval)
What are the possible consequences of face saving in conflicts
- reduces parties flexibility
- adds and issue to the conflict
- Turns attention away substantive matters
- Increases the likelihood of impasse
- Encourages an all or nothing approach to resolution
- Prompts parties to turn to outside people to address concerns
What are the face saving frames in conflict
- Resisting Unjust intimidation
- Refusing to step back from a position
- suppressing conflict issues
What are the two components of the unjust intimidation frame?
- There is an accusation to the other party
2. adamant resistance (no business as usual)
What are Goffman (1957) two strands of face-giving
1 corrective = after FTA face saving strategies
2 preventative = avoid threats to face
What are the two types of preventative face giving practices
Defensive or protective
Who is the target of defensive face saving and protective
Defensive = self (asking them to suspend judgement)
Protective = other ( normative account)
