FACE
Positive social value
different people talk in different ways
what we think people want/ expect > deserve
POSITIVE FACE
want others to like you
desire to be liked, included, approved
NEGATIVE FACE
people want to be left alone
do what they want
feel respected, free from imposition + not bothered by others
FACE STRATEGIES
Specific + appropriate language that creates closeness or distance
INVOLVEMENT STRATEGIES
to satisfy hearers positive face
signal closeness
INDEPENDENCE STRATEGIES
satisfy negative face
respect > rudeness
formal titles
admitting differences
FACE SYSTEM
power + social distance
describe a state of affairs
how we speak to others
how we expect others to speak to us
DEFERENCE FACE SYSTEM
- socially distant
- relatively equal in power
- independence strategies
e. g., 2 waitresses
SOLIDARITY FACE SYSTEM
- Close + relatively equal in power
- involvement strategy
- e.g., flatmates + married couple
HIERARCHICAL FACE SYSTEM
- a person has power over another person
- regardless of closeness
- person with more power= involvement strategy
- person with less power= independence strategy
FACE THREATS
- behaviour norms> rules
- to not behave properly
NEGATIVE FACE THREAT
- to be too familiar/ friendly
- create not normal circumstances to benefit
e. g., to give the professor a hug
POSITIVE FACE THREAT
- something that would be seen as negative in the circumstance
- being unfriendly
e. g., screaming at your friend
