facial skeleton

Question 1

what is the posterior nares (choanae)?

Answer 1

• the posterior opening of the nasal cavities
• opens into the nasopharynx

Question 2

what does the zygomatic arch separate?

Answer 2

• it separates 2 fossae of the cranium - the temporal and infratemporal fossa

Question 3

what is the temporal fossa?

Answer 3

• contains the temporalis muscle
• contains vessels & nerves

Question 4

what is the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 4

• it contains the coronoid process of mandible
• located underneath temporal fossa

Question 5

what are fossae?

Answer 5

a depression or hollow

Question 6

what are fossae?

Answer 6

a depression or hollow

Question 7

what are fissures?

Answer 7

an open split in a bone that allows for the passage of vessels and nerves

Question 8

what is the** inferior orbital fissure**?

Answer 8

• a fissure located between the sphenoid bone and the maxilla
• it opens into the posterolateral aspect of the orbital floor and allows the passage of several neurovascular structures

Question 9

what is the pterygomaxillary fissure?

Answer 9

• a fissure where the foramen rotundum opens up

Question 10

what are the 14 bones of the face?

Answer 10

• nasal (2)
• maxillae (2)
• palatine (2)
• lacrimal (2)
• inferior nasal concha (2)
• zygomatic (2)
• vomer
• mandible

Question 11

what is the nasal bone?

how many are there? what do they articulate with?

Answer 11

• there are 2 nasal bones
• they form the nose
• they articulate (join) with the frontal bone (superiorly), each other medially, maxilla laterally, ethmoid posteriorly

Question 12

what forms the ‘structural’ part of the** nose**?

Answer 12

cartilage

Question 13

what does the maxilla form?

Answer 13

• forms the floor of the orbit
• forms most of nasal opening (aperture)
• forms the floor of the nasal cavity
• forms most of the hard palate

Question 14

what does the maxilla articulate with?

Answer 14

• frontal bone
• sphenoid bone
• ethmoid bone
• nasal bone
• inferior nasal concha
• palatine bone & lacrimal bone
• vomer
• zygomatic
• each maxilla (paired) articulate with eachother
  LACRIMAL

Question 15

what does the palatine bone form?

Answer 15

• part of the floor of the orbit
• part of lateral wall and floor of nasal cavity
• **posterior of hard palate **(ie the roof of oral cavity)

NOTE: almost never found isolated - tightly bound to maxillae and sphenoid bone

Question 16

what does the lacrimal bone form?

note lacrima = tears

Answer 16

• the lacrimal bone forms the medial walls of the orbits
• also contributes to lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 17

what is the **function **of the paired nasal conchae?

Answer 17

• they have a function in olfaction & humidifying inhaled air

Question 18

what bone are the superior and middle nasal conchae part of?

Answer 18

• the ethmoid bone

Question 19

what does the zygomatic bone form?

Answer 19

• forms part of the cheek and lateral eye socket

Question 20

what is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 20

the zygomatic bone + the temporal bone

Question 21

what does the zygomatic bone articulate with?

Answer 21

• frontal bone
• maxilla
• sphenoid bone
• temporal bone

note NB -** zygomatic process** of the maxilla, frontal, zygomatic and temporal bone

Question 22

what is the vomer?

Answer 22

• a midline bone that forms the posterioinferior part of the nasal septum
• it divides the nasal cavity

Question 23

what bone is the anterosuperior part of the nasal septum?

Answer 23

the ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate of)

Question 24

what is the** function of the mandible**?

Answer 24

• hold roots for lower teeth
• masitication
• opens mouth up

Question 25

how is the mandible connected to the skull?

Answer 25

via the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 26

what are the features (parts) of the mandible?

Answer 26

* body of mandible * ramus of mandible * coronoid process * mandibular condyles

Question 27

what are the 7 **bones of the orbit**?

Answer 27

* frontal bone * maxilla * zygomatic bone * sphenoid bone * lacrimal bone * ethmoid bone * palatine bone (tiny)