Facial trauma

Question 1

What are some common facial fractures?

Answer 1

Maxillary fractures
Orbital floor fractures
Midfacial fractures

Question 2

What is a risk of maxillary fracture?

Answer 2

Fracture of these bones is potentially life-threatening as well as disfiguiring

Question 3

What is mechanism of injury for maxillary fracture?

Answer 3

High-energy blunt force trauma to the facial skeleton

Question 4

How do orbital floor fractures usually present?

Answer 4

• Pain, decreased visual acuity, diplopia
• Hypoaethesia in infraorbial region
• Periorbital ecchymosis
• Oedema
• Enopthalmos
• Restriction of ocular movement
• Bony step of orbital rim

Question 5

What investigation is required for orbital floor fracture?

Answer 5

CT - ‘tear drop’ sign indicates blow-out fracture

Question 6

How is an orbital floor fracture managed?

Answer 6

• Conservative
• Surgical repair of bony walls if there is entrapment, a large defect, or significant enopthlamos

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of Le Fort classification of mid facial fractures?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are some presentations of mid facial fractures?

Answer 8

• Soft tissue swelling
• Bruising and haematoma
• Posterior retrusion of the mid face
• Upper airway may be compromised
• Palpate - detect for bony irregularities, step-offs, crepitus, and sensory disturbances