Bandwagon
Claiming something is true or good just because many people believe or do it.
Composition / Division
Assuming what’s true of a part must be true of the whole (or vice‑versa).
Appeal to Authority
Using an authority’s opinion as proof instead of real evidence.
Loaded Question
A question that traps you because it contains a hidden accusation.
Tu Quoque
Dodging criticism by turning it back on the accuser.
Genetic Fallacy
Judging something as true or false based only on its source.
Ambiguity
Using unclear or double meanings to mislead.
Genetic Fallacy
Judging something as true or false based only on its source.
Burden of Proof
Claiming others must disprove your claim instead of you proving it.
Special Pleading
Making up exceptions when your claim is proven wrong.
No True Scotsman
Changing the definition of a group to dismiss counterexamples.
Anecdotal
Using personal stories instead of real evidence.
Appeal to Emotion
Using feelings instead of logic to argue.
Texas Sharpshooter
Picking data that fits your argument while ignoring the rest.
Ad Hominem
Attacking the person instead of the argument.
Slippery Slope
Claiming one small step will lead to extreme consequences.
Personal Incredulity
Saying something must be false because you don’t understand it.
Begging the Question
A circular argument where the conclusion is already assumed.
Appeal to Nature
Claiming something is good because it’s “natural.”
Middle Ground
Assuming the truth must be a compromise between two sides.
Black‑or‑White
Presenting only two options when more exist.
Fallacy Fallacy
Assuming a claim is false just because it was argued badly.
Gambler’s Fallacy
Believing past random events affect future ones.
Strawman
Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
