Fats

Question 1

Fats are _______

Answer 1

organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

Fats constitute __ of the energy in the human body

Answer 2

34%

Question 3

Fats provide a more ________________ compared to ________

Answer 3

concentrated source of energy, carbohydrates

Question 4

What are triglycerides?

Answer 4

• fats and oils
• fatty acid esters of glycerol

Question 5

What are lipids?

Answer 5

a class of fats and fat-related compounds

Question 6

What is structural fat?

Answer 6

holds the body organs and nerves in position and protect them against shock and injury

Question 7

What are simple lipids?

Answer 7

• neutral fats (true fats)
• chemical name triglycerides

Question 8

What are compound lipids?

Answer 8

combinations of fats with other components

Question 9

What are the three types of compound lipids?

Answer 9

1. phospholipids
2. glycolipids
3. lipoproteins

Question 10

Lecithins are the ________

Answer 10

most widely distributed phospholipids

Question 11

Cephalins are __________

Answer 11

needed to form thromboplastin for the blood-clotting process

Question 12

Sphingomyelins are ___________

Answer 12

found in the brain and other nerve tissues as components of the myelin sheath

Question 13

What are components of nerve and cell membrane which play a vital role in fat transport?

Answer 13

Cerebrosides

Question 14

What is made up of certain glucose, galactose, and a complex compound containing an amino sugar?

Answer 14

Gangliosides

Question 15

Lipoproteins are primarily found in the _____

Answer 15

liver and cell organelle membranes, mitochondria and lysosomes

Question 16

Lipoproteins contain _______

Answer 16

cholesterol, neutral fat and fatty acids

Question 17

What are derived lipids?

Answer 17

• simple derivatives from digestion or other more complex products
• fat substances produced from fats, and fat compound during digestive breakdown

Question 18

The basic structural unit of fat and is saturated or unsaturated in nature

Answer 18

Fatty acids

Question 19

What are the three types of fatty acids?

Answer 19

1. saturated fats
2. monosaturated fatty acid (oleic acid most abundant)
3. polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid most common)

Question 20

What is glycerol?

Answer 20

• a derived lipid
• water-soluble component of triglycerides and is 10% of the fat
• breaks off in digestion for the formation of glucose

Question 21

What are steroids?

Answer 21

• derived lipids
• complex fat-like compound found practically in all body tissues especially in the brain and nerve tissues

Question 22

What percentage of fat is digested and absorbed?

Answer 22

95%

Question 23

What are deposits of fat tissue that serve as continuing supply of energy?

Answer 23

adipose tissue

Question 24

Fat is protein-sparing which ____________

Answer 24

reduces the need to burn protein for energy

Question 25

How does fat maintain constant body temperature?

Answer 25

provides effective insulation underneath the skin

Question 26

What are other functions of fats?

Answer 26

- cushions vital organs - provides satiety and delays hunger - contributes flavor and palatability to the diet

Question 27

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 27

A, D, E, K

Question 28

How do lipids affect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 28

can raise blood cholesterol levels which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

Question 29

What are the benefits of monosaturated fats?

Answer 29

olive oil can lower the risk of heart disease

Question 30

What are the benefits of omega 3 polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 30

can lower blood cholesterol and prevent heart disease

Question 31

How do lipids affect cancer?

Answer 31

can not instigate cancer development but can promote it once it has risen

Question 32

You should not consume more than _________ of cholesterol a day to prevent heart disease

Answer 32

200 milligrams

Question 33

Cholesterol is only found in ________

Answer 33

animal products

Question 34

Trans fats are _______

Answer 34

artifical fats

Question 35

Trans fats are made by a chemical process called _________

Answer 35

partial hydrogenation

Question 36

What are the health risks of trans fats?

Answer 36

- strips level of good cholesterol - can add to the danger of cardiovascular disease

Question 37

What are diseases associated with trans fats?

Answer 37

1. Cancer 2. Diabetes 3. Liver toxicity 4. Obesity