Fats

Question 1

What are fats made of?

Answer 1

• Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

- Triglyceride, a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 2

What are the 2 types of fatty acids?

Answer 2

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 3

Describe the chemical structure of saturated fatty acids

Answer 3

The carbon atoms are linked by single bonds and saturated with hydrogen.

Question 4

Describe the chemical structure of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 4

They contain at least one carbon carbon double bond.

Question 5

What are the main properties of saturated fatty acids?

Answer 5

• Solid at room temperature

- High melting points

Question 6

What are foods high in saturated fats?

Answer 6

• Processed meat
• Meats
• Lard
• Coconut oil
• Palm oil

Question 7

What does excess saturated fat do to you?

Answer 7

• Increases cholesterol levels increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as CHD
• Increases LDL levels and LDL sizes.

Question 8

What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats?

Answer 8

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

Question 9

What is the structure of a monounsaturated fat?

Answer 9

Has only one carbon carbon double bond.

Question 10

What foods are monounsaturated fats in?

Answer 10

• Olive oil
• Almonds
• Peanut butter
• Avocados
• Found in animal and vegetable fats.

Question 11

What are the properties of monounsaturated fats?

Answer 11

• Soft at room temperature but solid in refrigerator.

- Lower cholesterol, reduce risk of diabetes and cancer.

Question 12

What is the structure of a polyunsaturated fat?

Answer 12

Has more than one carbon carbon double bond.

Question 13

What foods are polyunsaturated fats found in?

Answer 13

• Sesame oil
• Soybean oil
• Seeds
• Oily fish

Question 14

What are the properties of polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 14

• Liquid at room temperature and in the refrigerator.

Question 15

What are trans-fatty acids?

Answer 15

• Man made molecule that is made by hydrogenation

Question 16

What is hydrogenation and what is an example of a hydrogenated food product?

Answer 16

• Adding hydrogen to a vegetable oil (polyunsaturated)

- The carbon double bonds open and hydrogen is added. E.g. margarine

Question 17

What are the risk factors associated with trans fatty acids?

Answer 17

• Act like saturated fatty acids
• Bad for cardiovascular system
• Increase risk of breast cancer

Question 18

What are EFAs?

Answer 18

Essential fatty acids

• Cannot be made by the body but are important to healthy and efficient functioning of the body.
• Essential for blood clotting and inflammation control.

Question 19

What are the 2 important EFAs?

Answer 19

Omega 3 - help brain functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Omega 6 - lower blood cholesterol and reduce inflammation.

Question 20

In what foods is Omega 3 found?

Answer 20

Oily fish, seeds

Question 21

In what foods is Omega 6 found?

Answer 21

Vegetables, fruits, grains, chickens and seeds.

Question 22

What are the risk factors associated with trans fatty acids?

Answer 22

• Act like saturated fatty acids
• Bad for cardiovascular system
• Increase risk of breast cancer

Question 23

What are EFAs?

Answer 23

Essential fatty acids

• Cannot be made by the body but are important to healthy and efficient functioning of the body.
• Essential for blood clotting and inflammation control.

Question 24

What are the 2 important EFAs?

Answer 24

Omega 3 - help brain functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Omega 6 - lower blood cholesterol and reduce inflammation.

Question 25

In what foods is Omega 3 found?

Answer 25

Oily fish, seeds

Question 26

In what foods is Omega 6 found?

Answer 26

Vegetables, fruits, grains, chickens and seeds.

Question 27

What are the functions of fat in the diet?

Answer 27

- Energy source - Make cholesterol - good for sex hormones, bile production and human tissue production - Insulation in the body - structure of a cell - Protects vital organs - Helps promote satiety - Source of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E & K

Question 28

What are the consequences of too much fat in the diet?

Answer 28

- Obesity - CHD - High blood pressure - Strokes

Question 29

How can fat content be reduced in the diet?

Answer 29

- Lean meat cuts - Trim fat off of meat - Cooking methods that do not include the adding of fat - Check the fat content of food products and buy the ones with lower fat.

Question 30

What are the consequences of fat deficiencies?

Answer 30

- Vitamin deficiency - Weight loss if there is a lack of carbs in the body as the body will use fat as the energy store - Less insulation

Question 31

Define visible fat

Answer 31

Fats that can be seen, each fat on a meat cut

Question 32

Define invisible fat

Answer 32

Fats that cannot be seen, e.g. cakes, ready meals