Diagnostic Tests > FBC > Flashcards

FBC Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

— Hb

— MCV

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2
Q

Macrocytic anaemia

A

— Hb

++ MCV

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3
Q

Normocytic anaemia

A

— Hb

Normal MCV

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4
Q

Absolute polycythaemia

A

+ RBCs

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5
Q

Relative polycythaemia

A

— plasma

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6
Q

1ry (absolute) polycythaemia

A

+ proliferation of red cell precursors (due to bone marrow issue)

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7
Q

2ry (absolute) polycythaemia

A

+ EPO

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8
Q

EPO is produced in the

A

Kidneys

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9
Q

Myeloproliferative neoplasms that cause 1ry polycythaemia

A

Polycythaemia rubra Vera

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10
Q

Most common causes of 2ry polycythaemia

A
  • smoking

- xs alcohol

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11
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia (TAILS)

A
  • thalassemia/haemoglobinopathies
  • anaemia of chronic disease/inflammation
  • iron deficiency anaemia
  • lead poisoning
  • sideroblastic anaemia
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12
Q

Cause of normacytic anaemia

A
  • anaemia of chronic disease
  • acute blood loss
    • plasma volume
  • haemoglobinopathies
  • aplastic anaemia
  • haemolysis
  • hypersplenism
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13
Q

Causes of macrocytic anaemia

A
  • B12/folate deficiency
  • toxins
  • liver disease
  • reticulocytosis
  • preggo
  • myeloma
  • myelodysplastic syndrome
  • hypothyroidism
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14
Q

Hyperviscocity syndrome is caused by

A

++ Hct

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15
Q

How can mixed anaemia in coeliac disease be detected by looking at the RDW

A
  • iron deficiency —> microcytic
  • B12/folate deficiency —> macrocytic
  • big range in width —> anisocytosis
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16
Q

++ reticulocytes in the context of anaemia implies that bone marrow function is … and so the anaemia must be caused by

A
  • normal

- destruction of blood cells; problems w/ RBC production

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17
Q

— reticulocyte in the context of anaemia implies that bone marrow function is … Potential causes for this can be …

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A
  • impaired

- nutritional deficiencies; 1ry BM disorder

18
Q

++ reticulocytes in the context of absent anaemia can indicate

Study These Flashcards
A
  • body effectively compensating for blood loss/haemolysis

- + O2 demands

19
Q

Reactive causes of acute leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • post surgery
20
Q

Steroidal causes of acute leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • endogenous steroids —> stress response

- exogenous steroids —> meds

21
Q

Haematological causes of acute leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute leukaemia

22
Q

Reactive causes of chronic leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • chronic infection

- smoking

23
Q

Haematological causes of chronic leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • leukaemia

- subtypes of lymphoma

24
Q

Other (2) causes of chronic leukocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hyposplenism

- pregnancy

25
What two cell types that make up the majority of white cells in the blood
- neutrophils | - lymphocytes
26
Infective causes of leukopenia
- viral | - sepsis
27
Meds that chase leukopenia
- Abx - immunosuppressants - anti-epileptics - cytotoxic agents
28
Deficiency that causes leukopenia
- B12/folate | - iron
29
Races that have lower (non-pathological) baseline of WCC
- Middle Eastern | - black
30
Failure of bone marrow shows leukopenia alongside what signs
- low platelets | - low haemoglobin
31
Neutropenic sepsis/febrile neutropenia
A neutrophil count that is lower than 1.5 is an emergency due to an increased risk of an infection and should therefore be treated w Abx
32
Causes of lymphocytosis
- viral infection - smoking - hyposplenism - malignancy - pertussis
33
Causes of lymphopenia
- infection - age - alcohol - HIV - autoimmune - BM disease - meds - renal failure - congenital
34
Monocytes
Did not make notes on these, v similar to rest
35
Eosinophils are key in what infection
Helminths
36
Causes of eosinophilia
- allergy - parasitic infection - autoimmune - meds - GI disease - resp disease - malignancy
37
No notes on basophils
Make up least % of FBC and not significant clinically
38
Raises blasts can be caused by
- acute leukaemia - myeloproliferative disorders - reactive - cytotoxic
39
Clinical features of thrombocytopenia
- mucosal bleeding | - spontaneous bleeding
40
Causes of acute thrombocytopenia
- consumption - acute viral infection - meds - disseminated intravascular coagulation - heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - immune thrombocytopenia purpura - pregnancy
41
Causes of chronic thrombocytopenia
- hypersplenism - cirrhosis - alcohol xs - meds - ITP - autoimmune - B12/folate deficiency - iron deficiency - HIV - heps - haematological disease
42
Causes of thrombocytosis
- reactive - myeloproliferative disorders - iron deficiency - hyposplenism - underlying malignancy
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