Fermentation

Question 1

Define fermentation

Answer 1

Occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is only partially oxidized, 2 ATP per glucose, produced by substrate level phosphorylation. All have NAD+ regenerated

Question 2

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 2

• Pyruvate is the electron acceptor, lactate is the product
• Microorganisms, higher plants, and vertebrate muscle tissue
• Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 3

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 3

• Yeasts and some plant cells
• Requires 2 enzymes to metabolize pyruvate to ethanol
• Products are ethanol, CO2, and 2 ATP
• Used to produce alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel, and non-sourdough bread

Question 4

Why is fermentation necessary under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 4

Fermentation is necessary under anaerobic conditions because it allows the cell to regenerate NAD+ from NADH to keep glycolysis going. Under aerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated when NADH is oxidized at the electron transport chain of the mitochondria.

Question 5

Catabolic and anabolic pathways

Answer 5

catabolic - polysaccharides are hydrolyzed to glucose, which enter glycolysis. Lipids are broken down into to glycerol. anabolic - glycogenesis - citric acid cycle and glycolysis are reduced to glucose.