1029 > Fertilisation + Embryology > Flashcards

Fertilisation + Embryology Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

the layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the

A

endometrium

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2
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation

A

LH

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3
Q

the division of the uterine tube which has an outer margin that resembles a fringe is called the

A

infundibulum

the funnel-shaped opening @ end of fallopian tube closest to ovary

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4
Q

the oblique measurement of the pelvic brim in a gynaecoid pelvis is

A

12cm

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5
Q

following menstruation, the next stage of the menstrual cycle is the

A

proliferative phase aka follicular

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6
Q

what type of tissue lines the uterine tubes

A

ciliated epithelium, for propulsion of the ovum

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7
Q

during pregnancy, which of the following becomes known as the decidua

A

endometrium

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8
Q

which of the following is NOT used to identify changes in cervical mucous during the fertility cycle:

  • finger testing
  • sensation
  • amount
  • appearance
A

amount

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9
Q

which of the following cervical changes occurs during ovulation:

The cervix is open, raised, straight, soft and wet

The cervix is closed, low, tilted, firm and dry

The cervix is open, raised, tilted, firm and wet

The cervix is open, low, tilted, soft and wet

A

The cervix is open, raised, straight, soft and wet

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10
Q

how many carnegie stages of embryology are there

A

23

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11
Q

how long is an ovum capable of being fertilized for

A

6-24hrs

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12
Q

pre-fertilisation sperm are viable for

A

12-24hrs

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13
Q

fluid passes from the uterine cavity through the zona pellucida to form a fluid filled cavity/space within the morula which is now called a

A

blastocyst

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14
Q

a human embryo’s heart begins to beat at about

A

22-23 days

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15
Q

which primary germ layer will form the brain, spinal cord and skin of the fetus

A

ectoderm

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16
Q

by about 30 hours, 16-32 cells are produced forming a solid ball of cells still surrounded by the zona pellucida is called a

A

morula

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17
Q

Where does fertilisation happen?

A

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

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18
Q

What is capacitation?

A

the biochemical change, allowing sperm to penetrate the oocyte

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19
Q

What is the acrosome reaction?

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A

Enzymes released from sperm head to break the zona pellucida

20
Q

What stops polyspermy?

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A

A cortical reaction causing the zona pellucida to harden

21
Q

Order of pre-implantation stages

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A

Zygote
2 cell
4 cell
8 cell
Morula
Blastocyst

22
Q

When does implantation start?

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A

day 6-7 after fertilisation

23
Q

What does the inner cell mass become?

24
Q

What does the trophoblast become?

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A

Placenta and membranes

25
What are the layers of the bilamar disc (week 2)
epiblast and hypoblast
26
What is gastrulation? (week 3)
formation of 3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
27
What does the ectoderm form?
the skin and nervous system
28
What does the mesoderm form?
muscles, bones, kidneys, blood
29
What does the endoderm form?
Gut lining + lungs
30
What week does the placenta fully form?
Around week 10-12
31
What week does an embryo become a fetus?
Week 8
32
Which structure releases hCG? Corpus luteum Syncytiotrophoblast Hypoblast Chorionic villi
Syncytiotrophoblast
33
The inner cell mass becomes: Placenta Amnion only Embryo Chorion
Embryo
34
Gastrulation results in the formation of: Morula Germ layers Chorionic villi Zona pellucida
Germ Layers
35
Which germ layer forms the nervous system? Endoderm Mesoderm Exoderm Ectoderm
Ectoderm
36
What does the sperm penetrate to enter the oocyte?
Zona pellucida
37
What is a morula?
A 16-32 cell solid ball of cells within the zona pellucida
38
When does the morula enter the uterine cavity?
day 3-4
39
What are the 3 stages of implantation?
Apposition, adhesion, invasion
40
What is the endometrium called after implantation?
The decidua
41
What is cleavage?
Mitotic divisions without growth
42
What happens to the zona pellucida before implantation?
It disintegrates
43
What is vertical transmission?
Infection passing the placenta and into the uterus
44
What is ascending infection?
Infection going from the vagina, to the uterus, to the amniotic fluid
45
Where does the neural tube form?
In the brain and spinal cord
46
At what week does neural tube formation begin
Week 3
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