When can the 1st heart beat be heard?
Around day 20-23
What does the syncytiotrophoblast secrete?
enzymes and hCG
What happens in neurulation?
neural tube closes, C-shaped embryo, limb buds appear
In what week are all brain regions present?
week 6
What happens in week 8?
- beginning of neck development
- genitalia differentiation
- end of embryonic period
When does the placenta become fully functioning?
week 10
What happen sin weeks 17-20?
- vernix caseosa covers body
- first movements
- immunity transfer from mother to fetus
What is the vernix caseosa?
waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn babies
When is the earliest that fetuses can be born and survive?
- around week 26 if given intensive care beacuse lungs can provide adequate ventilation and CNS is developed enough
When is surfactant production sufficient?
around week 30-34
What does surfactant do?
lowers surface tension in the alveoli of the lungs
What cells secrete surfactant?
type II alveolar cells
Which week are all the organs present?
week 8
In what week does the liver take over metabolic function?
week 37
What is anencephaly?
absence of cortical brain tissue and cranial vault
diagnosis made antenatally
normally fetus doesn’t survive depending on severity
What is spina bifida?
neural tube defect
lower spinal column defect
myelomeningocele
What is gastroschisis?
extra-abdominal herniation of bowel loops through para-umbilical abdominal wall
usually no surrounding membrane
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Overview of embryology and congenital malformations10
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From DNA to protein8
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Physiological changes of pregnancy14
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The placenta10
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Principles of endocrine control17
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Abdominal wall7
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Fertilsation and assisted reproductive technologies6
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Fetal development17
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From fetus to neonate19
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Haemoglobin dissociation curve11
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Circulatory changes at birth18
