FGA Classification

Question 1

What are antipsychotics? (2 points)

Answer 1

• Medicines used to reduce psychosis 🧠 (hallucinations, delusions, disorganisation).<br></br>• Work mainly by blocking dopamine D2 receptors 🎯.

Question 2

What are the two major groups of antipsychotics? (2 points)

Answer 2

• FGAs (older, typical).<br></br>• SGAs (newer, atypical) 🌟.

Question 3

What are FGAs? (2 points)

Answer 3

• Older strong D2-blocking antipsychotics.<br></br>• Higher risk of EPS ⚠️.

Question 4

Why do FGAs need classification? (2 points)

Answer 4

• Different chemical families behave differently.<br></br>• Predicts potency + side-effect patterns 🎯.

Question 6

How are FGAs classified? (2 points)

Answer 6

• By chemical structure (phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes).<br></br>• Structure predicts EPS, sedation, anticholinergic effects 🧪.

Question 7

Why classify FGAs by chemical structure? (2 points)

Answer 7

• Similar structure → similar pharmacological behaviour.<br></br>• Predicts clinical effects + exam patterns 📝.

Question 8

What are the 3 main FGA families (Mnemonic: PB-T)? (2 points)

Answer 8

• P = Phenothiazines 🧪.<br></br>• B = Butyrophenones 💥.<br></br>• T = Thioxanthenes 🟨.

Question 9

What are the three phenothiazine subgroups (Mnemonic: A-Pi-Pa)? (2 points)

Answer 9

• A = Aliphatic.<br></br>• Pi = Piperidine.<br></br>• Pa = Piperazine.<br></br>🧠 Mnemonic: A-Pi-Pa.

Question 10

What are aliphatic phenothiazines? (Mnemonic: A = Asleep) (2 points)

Answer 10

• Earliest FGAs (e.g., chlorpromazine, promazine).<br></br>• Low potency + very sedating 😴.

Question 11

Key features of aliphatic phenothiazines? (2 points)

Answer 11

• High anticholinergic effects.<br></br>• Lower EPS.

Question 12

Example of an aliphatic phenothiazine? (1 point)

Answer 12

• Chlorpromazine 💊.

Question 13

What are piperidine phenothiazines? (Mnemonic: Pupils Big) (2 points)

Answer 13

• Strong anticholinergic FGAs (e.g., thioridazine).<br></br>• Low potency.

Question 14

Key features of piperidine phenothiazines? (2 points)

Answer 14

• Less EPS.<br></br>• More anticholinergic effects + QT risk ⚠️.

Question 15

Example of a piperidine phenothiazine? (1 point)

Answer 15

• Thioridazine ⚠️.

Question 17

What are piperazine phenothiazines? (Mnemonic: Piperazine = Powerful EPS) (2 points)

Answer 17

• High-potency FGAs (e.g., trifluoperazine, fluphenazine).<br></br>• Strong D2 blockade.

Question 18

Key features of piperazine phenothiazines? (2 points)

Answer 18

• High EPS ⚡.<br></br>• Lower sedation.

Question 19

Examples of piperazine phenothiazines? (2 points)

Answer 19

• Trifluoperazine.<br></br>• Fluphenazine.

Question 20

What are butyrophenones? (Mnemonic: HALO hits HARD) (2 points)

Answer 20

• Very high potency 🔥.<br></br>• Very high EPS ⚡⚡.

Question 21

Examples of butyrophenones? (2 points)

Answer 21

• Haloperidol.<br></br>• Droperidol.

Question 23

What are thioxanthenes? (Mnemonic: Thio = Thick injection) (2 points)

Answer 23

• Medium–high potency.<br></br>• Often available as depot 💉.

Question 24

Examples of thioxanthenes? (2 points)

Answer 24

• Flupentixol.<br></br>• Zuclopenthixol.<br></br>• Thiothixene.

Question 26

**What is a dihydroindole FGA? (2 points)**

Answer 26

• **Molindone**.
• Mild EPS + **weight-neutral** ⚖️.

Question 27

**What is a diphenylbutylpiperidine FGA? (Mnemonic: P = Persistent) (2 points)**

Answer 27

• **Pimozide**.
• **Very long half-life** ⏳ (Tourette’s).

Question 28

**What is a dibenzoxapine FGA? (2 points)**

Answer 28

• **Loxapine**.
• Chemically SGA-like but **acts like an FGA**.

Question 29

**Which FGA has the highest EPS? (1 point)**

Answer 29

• **Haloperidol** ⚡.

Question 30

**Which FGA is most sedating? (1 point)**

Answer 30

• **Chlorpromazine** 😴.

Question 31

**Which FGA prolongs QT the most? (1 point)**

Answer 31

• **Thioridazine** ⚠️.

Question 32

**Which FGAs come in depot form? (2 points)**

Answer 32

• **Flupentixol**.
• **Zuclopenthixol**.

Question 33

**Which FGA is used for Tourette’s syndrome? (1 point)**

Answer 33

• **Pimozide** 🎯.

Question 34

**What is the key potency → side-effect rule? (2 points)**

Answer 34

• **High potency = EPS** ⚡.
• **Low potency = sedation** 😴.

Question 35

**What is the main classification summary for FGAs? (2 points)**

Answer 35

• **Phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes**, + others.
• Side-effects depend on **chemical subgroup** 🔬.

Question 37

**Which antipsychotics belong to each FGA class? (2 points)**

Answer 37

• **Phenothiazines:** chlorpromazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine.
• **Butyrophenones:** haloperidol, droperidol.
• **Thioxanthenes:** flupentixol, zuclopenthixol, thiothixene.
• **Others:** molindone, pimozide, loxapine.

Question 39

**What is the conceptual link behind all FGA classification? (2 points)**

Answer 39

• **Chemical structure predicts pharmacology** (EPS, sedation, anticholinergic effects).
• Knowing the **family** predicts clinical patterns + exam traps 🎓.