1
Q
Title of physical geography investigation
A
To investigate the effect of human trampling on the abundance and biodiversity of vegetation on reigate heath, Surrey
2
Q
Title of human Geography investigation
A
To investigate the patterns of housing and environmental quality across reigate
3
Q
What is planning stage of geographical enquiry
A
- Identifying issues or questions you want to investigate
- Coming up with hypothesis
4
Q
What is data collection stage
A
- Safely collecting reliable and accurate data
5
Q
3 types of sampling strategies for data collection
A
- Random
- Systematic
- Stratified
6
Q
What is random sampling
A
- each member of population has equal chance of being chosen
- random number tables may be used to decide on sample taken
7
Q
What is systematic sampling
A
- Samples chosen in a regular way ie every 2m along a transect or asking every 10 people in a questionnaire
8
Q
What is stratified sampling
A
- breaking down sample into sub-groups ie for a questionnaire, making sure same amount of residents are asked as non-residents
9
Q
What is primary data
A
- Information you have collected yourself
10
Q
Examples of primary data
A
- Interview
- Questionnaire
- land use survey
- pedestrian or traffic counts
11
Q
examples of secondary data
A
- Census data
- old maps and photographs
- Climate data
- Crime statistics
12
Q
what is secondary data
A
- Information that someone has previously collected and made available
13
Q
Examples of data collection methods
A
- Quadrat
- Thermometer
- Trudle wheel
- Tally counter
14
Q
What is discrete data
A
- Data with clear spaces between values
15
Q
What is continuous data
A
- Data that falls into a continuous sequence
16
Q
Ways to present quantitive data
A
- Bar chart
- Line graph
- Pie chart
- Desire lines
17
Q
Advantages of different types of data presentation to talk about
A
- ‘Clear and easy to visualise’
- ‘Easy to understand/interpret’
- ’ Can see trends over time’
18
Q
Disadvantages of different types of data presentation to talk about
A
- ‘Hard to read/interpret specific data’
- ‘Wrong type of data’ (discrete or continuous)
19
Q
Qualitative data presentation methods
A
- Word clouds
- Annotated photos
20
Q
What are word clouds
A
- If people have been asked to describe certain areas with one word, displaying all these words and making most common answers proportionately larger
21
Q
What is GIS
A
- Geographical information systems
- use maps to digitally combine data with individual pieces of data linked to certain areas of the map
22
Q
What are dispersion graphs
A
Can show range of a data set, IQR can be calculated from these
23
Q
What is conclusion
A
Returning to and answering original question as best you can
24
Q
What is evaluation
A
- Evaluation of reliability of conclusion and how it could have been improved
25
Examples of what to say to improve reliability of data
- larger sample size
- more sampling points
- different type of sampling
- Collect on multiple days/occasions to avoid anomalies
26
Primary Data collection methods used in reigate heath
- Quadrat sampling % cover of vegetation across footpath
- measuring height of falling species
- Species count
27
Secondary data used in physical enquiry
- Reigate heath management plan ( explains what species should be present)
- OS maps
28
Risks of physical enquiry and how were they managed
- Ticks with lime's disease- wear long trousers and check/brush down legs after being in long grass
- Tripping over Tree stumps- no running and watch your step
29
How was stratified sampling used in physical enquiry
- Teacher decided site of each data would be collected from
30
How was systematic sampling used in physical enquiry
- Quadrat placed every metre along path- representative data of whole path and remove bias
31
How was data presented in physical enquiry
- Kite diagram- showed % vegetation cover across path
- Field sketch- shows key features of site
- Proportional circle map- shows biodiversity across site
32
- Advantages of Kite diagram
+Useful for displaying changes over distance
+Visually clear and easy to interpret
+Comparisons can easily be made
33
Disadvantages of Kite diagram
- Visually subjective as scale influences visual effect
- only works with specific range of data
- time consuming to construct by hand
34
Advantages of proportional circle map
- GIS data plotted onto a map which gives good visual representation of vegetation coverage
35
Disadvantages of proportional circle map
- Circles can all blur together making it difficult to interpret
36
Conclusion of Physical enquiry
- % cover of vegetation increases with distance from footpath due to human usage such as dog walking
37
Evaluation of physical enquiry
- Difficult to exactly find % cover with quadrant
- Only carried out in 1 time of year- more walkers in summer
- Only sampled 20m transect due to time restrictions
- Only collected data from a few small sites on heath- doesn't represent heath as a whole
38
Primary data used in Human enquiry
- Environmental quality survey
- Housing quality survey
- Photos
39
Secondary data used in human enquiry
- Census data (2011)
- Zoopla (house prices)
- Index of multiple deprivation
40
Risks of human enquiry and how they were managed
- Getting hit by traffic/cars- cross roads at zebra crossing
- Getting lost/abducted- Stay in groups, meet at planned times
41
What is an environmental quality survey
- Bi-polar analysis assessing attractiveness of various features from a scale of -2 to +2
42
What is housing quality survey
- giving score to various features of housing quality eg house type, double garage, width of driveway, size of front garden
43
Data presentation used in Human enquiry
- Bar chart
44
Positives of bar chart
- Good visual technique for categorical data making it easy to analyse at quick glance
- can easily see trends between environmental quality of streets
45
Negatives of bar chart
- Using too few categories can mask important trends in data
46
Conclusion of Human enquiry
- Housing and environmental quality increases with distance from CBD of reigate
- Housing and environmental quality increases with height of land in Reigate
- EG Blanford, Waterloo and High trees road all score highly as on a hill, further from CBD so more space
47
Evaluation of Human enquiry
- Methods support conclusions to some extent. 10 Streets sampled so good area achieved
- E.Q.S and H.Q.S are very subjective- means different opinions cause inconsistent data, and every house must be rated by same person so it is fair
- Scale of E.Q.S is small (-2 to +2)
- Some streets not represented in data- sample size should increase
- could be supported by deprivation multiple index or census 2011 to provide greater insight
geography
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