The direct address of an absent or imaginary person
Apostrophe
Compares 2 unlike things using like or as
Simile
Direct comparison of 2 different things suggesting they are somehow the same
Metaphor
An object that represents something more abstract
Symbolism
The substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which a part stands for a whole
Synecdoche
Giving a lifelike human quality to an inanimate object or idea
Personification
A form of personification, animals take on characteristics of man
Anthropomorphism
The deliberate use of an understatement
Litotes
Reference to something literary, mythological, or historical
Allusion