pun
words with a double(2) meaning
irony
when the opposite of what was expected or said happens
metaphor
a comparison that does not use like or as
simile
a comparison using like or as
allusion
a reference to a famous person, place or event
idiom
an expression that should not be taken literally
hyperbole
an exaggeration or overstatement
aphorism
a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner