What is the definition of Ideology?
system of ideas that form the basis of economic.political theory and policy
What does economic conservatism believe?
wants limited government involvement in economy
What does social conservatism believe?
healthy society requires a solid moral foundation on what is right and wrong.
What does economic liberalism believe?
favors government assistance for those who are poor and desires economic equality
What does social liberalism believe?
people are free to define their own morals and identity. government should be hands off in defining, but should support
What do libertarians believe?
as little government as possible- limited government in both economy and socially
What does populism believe?
distrusts and is dissatisfied with ruling of elites- focus on common people
Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights
Liberties: secured primarily through government inaction
Rights: Non-discrimination protection for all individuals but historically for mistreated groups
Founders 3 views on slavary:
- were fine with it
- didn’t like it, yet had slaves
- didn’t like it and lived that way
What are the 2 types of recrimination?
De Facto: unequal treatment by customs, circumstances, and private choice
De Jure: unequal treatment required by law
What did Dred Scott v. Sandford say?
- Q: Are African Americans citizens?
- M: Aferican Americans didn’t have rights to citizenship
- D: AA were free at the time of confederation
What are the reconstruction amendments?
13th- abolished slavery
14th- due process and equal protection
15th- providing voting rights regardless of race
What did Plessy v. Ferguson put in place?
-Q: does separate but equal law violate 13th and 14th amendment?
- M: no; upholding segregation policies and laws
- D: constitution is colorblind
What did Brown v. Board of Education put in place?
- Q: does racial segregation in public schools violate equal protection clause of 14th amendment?
- overturned Plessy
- separate in “inherently unequal
- overturned school desegregation
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 put in place?
- prohibited discrimination in public accommodation
- banished literacy tests and employment discrimination
- forbids institutions receiving federal funding from engaging in discrimination
What is Affirmative Action?
- favoring individuals belonging to groups regarding disadvantaged
5 parts to reading a supreme court case
- facts
- legal question
- holding - decision
- majority - reasoning
- other opinions
What point was MLK trying to make in his letter from Birmingham jail?
They were trying to make a point by protesting (was asked) because negotiation wasn’t working. Justice needed to done.
What are the 4 steps to a nonviolent campaign?
- collect the facts
- negotiation
- self purification (can be peaceful?)
- peaceful protest/direct action
What are the 2 reasons for affirmative action?
- to remedy past discrimination
- to achieve diversity in social institutions
What did Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin put in place?
- UT had a law that top 10% of HS got auto-admission
- Q: Does UT violate the equal protection clause?
- M: It does not
- Alito Dissent: not proper strict scrutiny
- Thomas Dissent: constitution should be colorblind
What did Douglass talk about in his speech “What to the slave is 4th of July?”
- It is a patriotic rebuke of slavery - He doesn’t find the constitution to be pro-slavery
- Thinks we are hypocritical of slavery
- hope is that the evil of slavery will end
What was the SFFA v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (2023) case?
- Q: Does Harvard admission go against Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Equal protection clause?
- M: Yes; it unconstitutional; doesn’t meet strict scrutiny and must not be based on race
- Thomas Concurrence: 14th amendment is colorblind
- Jackson Dissent: notes many gaps
What are the two parts of the 1st Amendment religion clauses?
- Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion
- Congress shall not prohibit the free exercise of religion
