What is a transcontinental railroad?
A railroad constructed to run across the country (east to west)
This project was significant for improving transportation across the United States.
Define trust in the context of business.
A group of corporations controlled, but not owned by, a board of directors
Trusts were used to reduce competition and increase market control.
What is capitalism?
An economic system in which private individuals and businesses own and profit from the means of production
This system emphasizes private ownership and free markets.
What does laissez-faire capitalism mean?
French term meaning ‘leave alone’, refers to an economic style with little or no government involvement
This approach advocates minimal regulation of the economy.
Who is a suffragist?
A person who advocates for voting rights, especially voting rights for women
Suffragists played a crucial role in the women’s suffrage movement.
What is guerrilla warfare?
Quick, unexpected attacks against a seemingly superior opponent
This tactic is often used in asymmetric warfare.
Define trench warfare.
A defensive style of fighting during World War I, where opposing armies fight/defend from deep trenches
This method led to stalemates and high casualty rates.
What is the Western Front?
Area of fighting along the French border during World War I
It was one of the main theaters of war in WWI.
What is the Eastern Front?
Area of fighting along the Russian border during World War I
This front saw significant battles between Germany and Russia.
What were the Fourteen Points?
Wilson’s plans for world peace after the war
These points were intended to prevent future conflicts.
What is the League of Nations?
International peace keeping organization, created by Woodrow Wilson
It aimed to promote peace and cooperation among countries.
What did the Treaty of Versailles do?
Formally ended World War I, punished Germany with reparations and forced them to accept blame for the war
This treaty had lasting impacts on Germany and Europe.
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
Established the Standard Oil Company in 1870, controlled over 90% of U.S. oil refining
He is known for his use of horizontal integration.
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?
Self-made businessman in the shipping industry, then railroads, known for ruthless business practices
He played a key role in the expansion of the railroad industry.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Founder of Carnegie Steel, created a monopoly through vertical integration
He controlled each step in the steel production process.
Who was Leland Stanford?
President of the Central Pacific Railroad, which constructed the western half of the transcontinental railroad
He played a significant role in the railroad expansion.
Who invented the first practical typewriter?
Christopher Sholes
His design influenced modern keyboard layouts.
Who invented the first telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
His invention revolutionized communication.
Who developed the first reliable electric light bulb?
Thomas Edison
This invention had a profound impact on society and industry.
Who was Henry Ford?
Industrialist founder of Ford Motor Co., implemented the assembly line method to produce cars
His innovations greatly increased production efficiency.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
Progressive president who regulated big business, promoted conservation, and consumer protections
He is known for his progressive reforms.
Who was William Howard Taft?
Progressive president who continued T.R.’s practice of breaking up big businesses
He is known for his trust-busting efforts.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
Progressive president who established the Federal Reserve and created the League of Nations
He played a key role in shaping post-WWI policies.
Who was Jane Addams?
Social worker who established Hull House, a settlement house for the poor and immigrant communities
She was a leader in the social reform movement.
